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Local adaptation has been suggested to be especially common in salmonid fishes. However, evidence supporting the local adaptation paradigm is still lacking in many cases. This special issue brings together reviews and primary articles showcasing the variety of genetic approaches that can be used to study local adaptation at differing geographical and temporal scales. Salmonid fishes are the focus as, in part due to their commercial importance, they have a number of special features making them amenable to the study of local adaptation, but the results and conclusions are certain to be of relevance to a broad range of taxa.
