Figures, tables and video
From the following article
Clinical disorders of the upper esophageal sphincter
Ian J. Cook
GI Motility online (2006)
doi:10.1038/gimo37
Figure 1
Intrabolus pressure and maximal sagittal upper esophageal sphincter (UES) diameter expressed as a function of swallowed bolus volume.
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Figure 2
Barium radiographs of a typical posterior pharyngeal (Zenker's) diverticulum.
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Figure 3
Hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure is an indirect measure of UES compliance.
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Figure 4
Example of increased hypopharyngeal intrabolus pressure in a patient with Zenker's diverticulum compared with a normal on the left.
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Figure 5
Normal cricopharyngeus muscle (left) compared to that from a patient with Zenker's (right).
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Figure 6
Tracing derived from an ambulatory dual (esophageal, pharyngeal) pH study.
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Figure 7
Two examples from the same patient, showing different patterns of regurgitation.
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Figure 8
Example of esophagopharyngeal regurgitation captured during prolonged manometric and dual pH recording.
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Figure 9
Example of esophagopharyngeal acid regurgitation occurring during a transient UES relaxation, but aided by strain.
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Table 1
Neurological lesions causing failed upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxation5
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Video 1
Videoswallow and corresponding manometric traces from a patient with mild dysphagia and failed UES relaxation due to syringobulbia.
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Video 2
Example of videoswallow and concurrent manometric tracing from a patient with severe dysphagia secondary to lateral medullary infarction causing failed UES relaxation and marked pharyngeal weakness.
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