Study questions the security of genomic information

Public genome databases, while providing a rich source of information for research purposes, also expose participants to the possibility of being identifiable, despite measures designed to provide anonymity. A recent informatics study published in Science showed just how easy it is to use publicly available online databases to track and identify study subjects. The team of researchers pinpointed (although didn’t publish) the identity of nearly 50 individuals who participated in genomic studies that became part of the 1000 Genomes Project. To track individuals, the authors relied on a combination of data submitted as part of research on genetic patterns of the Y chromosome, paternal transmission, and cultural transmission of a family’s surname through male family members. The finding implies that genetic data could be used to identify distant relatives who might have no idea that their genetic heritage could be made public. An accompanying commentary suggests that, rather than stirring fear, the study should provoke a robust debate about the risks and benefits of broadly sharing genomic data. Socials norms, attitudes, and expectations of privacy are rapidly changing. Indeed, individuals participating in the study in question consented twice and were told it was possible, although not likely, that they could be identified through their genomic information. Yaniv Erlich of the Whitehead Institute, the study’s lead author, says, “We also hope that this study will eventually result in better security algorithms, better policy guidelines, and better legislation to help mitigate some of the risks described.” —Karyn Hede, News Editor

Brain’s reward system linked to longer life

A gene variant previously associated with “novelty seeking” and possibly selected for during the human population expansion out of Africa has now been suggested as a contributor to longevity as well. The dopamine receptor gene DRD4, which has been shown to play a major role in the neural network responsible for the brain’s internal reward system, has been extensively studied for its role in personality variation. The new research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, combined human and mouse studies to identify the DRD4 7R allele as a contributor to long life. Mice in which the gene was knocked out had a 7–10% shorter life. Conversely, mice with the DRD4 7R allele lived significantly longer than control mice when raised in an activity-rich environment. Similarly, in human studies of people more than 90 years old, the allele was found more often and was associated with higher levels of physical activity. People who carry the gene variant seem to be more motivated to pursue social, intellectual, and physical activities, according to lead researcher Robert Moyzis of the University of California, Irvine. Although the variant may not directly control longevity, the research team suggests that it contributes to developing personality traits such as sociability, intellectual curiosity, and pursuit of physical activity that have been shown to be important for living a longer, healthier life. —Karyn Hede, News Editor

Genetics in Medicine Mission Statement

Genetics in Medicine is a monthly journal committed to the timely publication of:

  • Original reports which enhance the knowledge and practice of medical genetics

  • Strategies and innovative approaches to the education of medical providers at all levels in the realm of genetics

As the official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the journal will:

  • Provide a forum for discussion, debate and innovation concerning the changing and expanding role of medical genetics within the broader context of medicine

  • Fulfill our responsibility to the College membership through the publication of guidelines, policy statements and other information that enhances the practice and understanding of medical genetics

Finally, as genetics becomes increasingly important in the wider medical arena, we will be an accessible and authoritative resource for the dissemination of medical genetic knowledge to providers outside of the genetics community through appropriate reviews, discussions, recommendations and guidelines.