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Inter-model variability of global soil respiration estimates has increased, highlighting the urgency to understand model uncertainty and the need for an accurate estimate of global soil respiration, according to a review of historical data-driven spatiotemporal estimates.
Plastics need to be used more sustainably in agricultural practice, for example by recovery and reuse, and by selected application of safe biodegradable plastics and phasing out of toxic additives, suggests a literature synthesis and perspective on structural polymers in agriculture.
Nutritional life cycle assessments can help achieve sustainability in complex food systems through simultaneously accounting for trade-offs between environmental footprints and nutritional value, as illustrated by a functional unit assessment based on priority micronutrient value.
Weather-related disasters result from complex interactions between vulnerability and exposure through inequality, economic pressure and conflict and intensifying weather extremes in a changing climate, and they should be reported accordingly, suggest a synthesis of the causes and impacts of disasters in 2021 and 2022.
Knowledge of past changes in permafrost thaw and associated carbon pools and releases can shed light on future permafrost stability and feedback on climate in a warming future, a systematic review of past permafrost dynamics suggests.
Independent observation-based model validation and improved information flow between predictive and conceptual models are needed to enhance confidence in soil organic carbon predictions, suggests a review of 250 soil organic carbon models.
The overturning circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean is driven by winds, pressure and density gradients, interocean exchanges, and eddies that vary spatially and temporally. A synthesis of observations reveals that waters that engage in this circulation are experiencing pronounced warming.
Capacity building and engagement are crucial to support science-led sustainable ocean policies that are integrated, interdisciplinary and internationally collaborative as well as being effective at a range of temporal and spatial scales.
