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Dehydration of chlorite accompanied by partial melting could explain the double seismic zone of intermediate-depth earthquakes observed within subducting slabs at many subduction zones, according to high-pressure, high-temperature laboratory experiments
A 26 m high cliff is identified as the fault scarp corresponding to the devastating Mw 9.0 Tohoku-oki Earthquake and indicates 80–120 m of slip occurred on the shallow-dipping thrust fault, according to manned submersible observations at 7500 m water depth.
Active vent fields composed of iron-oxyhydroxide mounds hosting thriving microbial mat communities at the Hatiba Mons in the Red Sea may be analogous to Precambrian environments, suggests an underwater survey accompanied by geochemical and genetic analysis.
The strength and positioning of the Intertropical Convergence Zone over northern South America were strongly related to Northern Hemisphere summer insolation during the last glacial cycle, according to speleothem oxygen isotope records from the Caracos Cave, central Colombia.
Amendment of rice paddy soils with biochar in the presence of rice plants leads to increased soil macroaggregate, iron-bound organic carbon and fungal biomass suggesting that biochar enhances carbon sequestration in the topsoil, according to a yearlong soil microcosm experiment.
Under scenarios of doubling or quadrupling of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, Antarctic Dense Shelf Water freshens significantly, which in turn inhibits the formation of abyssal water, according to simulations with a high-resolution ocean-ice-atmosphere model.
Continental mantle roots may preserve the evidence of the mantle’s geochemical evolution over hundreds of millions of years, according to the study of mantle xenoliths preserved in basalts from Jeju Island in Korea.
Seafloor pits observed in the sediments off the German North Sea coast could have been excavated by porpoises or other vertebrates, rather than by hydrocarbon release as often assumed, according to analysis of high-resolution multibeam echosounder data.
Computational models which vary the rheological weakening due to the presence of post-perovskite near the core-mantle boundary suggest moderate weakening leads to accumulation of basalt piles while substantial weakening causes vigorous plumes, impeding pile formation.
Frontal activity and chlorophyll concentrations have increased in high latitude hotspots of ocean warming but have decreased in equatorial and subtropical gyre hotspots, suggest changes in satellite remotely sensed sea surface temperature and chlorophyl concentration between 2003 and 2020.
Numerical models, informed by observations from the Cassini spacecraft, suggest ultraviolet radiation likely only penetrates around 100 microns into the surface of Enceladus, which enhances the preservation potential of any organic material present.
Changes in dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations indicate that total net community production across the Southern Ocean accounts for 40% of annual global ocean carbon export, suggests neural network-based analysis of biogeochemical data from autonomous profiling floats.
Older individuals are more vulnerable to heat stress than younger adults and have lower environmental limits while physically active than while seated, indicate experimental indoor trials for 51 young and 49 older adults exposed to varying environmental conditions during minimal activity and rest.
The lagged effect of winter snow cover on vegetation productivity during the growing season varies across biomes and climatic conditions in the Northern Hemisphere, according to a data-model analysis over 2000-2018 based on remote-sensed products and a random forest model.
Nanoscale coexistence of two melt phases in the Fani Maoré lava rims suggests metastable liquid immiscibility upon eruption, which favours the generation of volcanic nanolites with potential implications for magma rheology and eruption dynamics.
The observed continuum of ocean internal wave energy can be formed rapidly through the modification of wind-forced near-inertial waves by oceanic eddies, suggest high-resolution model simulations in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean.
Mean evapotranspiration decreases and interannual variation of evapotranspiration increases as a result of deforestation in the maritime continent, according to idealized experiments utilizing an offline land model and a fully coupled model.
Modern irrigation water use systems can improve water supplies in some basins, but less efficient systems can alleviate ecological stress through return flows, according to an analysis of streamflow record at 221 gauging stations in three basins in the western United States.
A version of the large language model GPT-4 with access to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provided answers to climate change questions that were deemed more accurate by climate experts than those from the original GPT-4.
Seagrass meadows in The Bahamas store 0.42 to 0.59 Pg organic carbon in the top meter of sediments and represent an important, but declining, global blue carbon hotspot, suggest sediment core analyses of 10 seagrass meadows across an extensive island chain in The Bahamas.