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Mangroves can provide nature-based coastal defences in complex deltas, but effective design of mangrove-based defences requires location-specific predictions and a deep understanding of forest structural characteristics, according to numerical simulations of water levels attenuation for the Pearl River Delta, China.
The Heimefrontfjella escarpment in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica divides inland precipitation-dominated ice dynamics from coastal dynamics dominated by grounding line migration, suggest inverse model simulations constrained by cosmogenic nuclide measurements.
Two convection-permitting climate models project similar increases in peak rainfall intensities from mesoscale convective storms across Europe by 2100, but project contrasting changes to storm frequency, size, and speed due to differences in the representation of dynamical responses to global warming.
Helium isotopes from groundwater and hot springs at the stratovolcano, Unzen, have a stronger mantle signature than for the nearby caldera volcano, Aso, which suggests that magma at Unzen is younger still supplied with primordial mantle helium.
The latitude-dependent periodicity of East Asian hydroclimate during the Quaternary was probably a response to summer insolation in the north and ice sheet forcing in the south, suggested by analyses of proxy-based rainfall records and climate model simulations.
Initial seawater influx into South Atlantic rift basins entered from the south across the Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge as the South Atlantic began to open in the Early Cretaceous, according to sedimentary hydrocarbon biomarker records in two drill cores from offshore West Africa.
The palaeo-topography around the ruins of ancient Wucheng City, China suggests erosion rate during the Holocene was largely driven by changes in precipitation, and shows how archaeological evidence can inform landform evolution models.
The identification of marine alkenones and anomalously high carbonate carbon isotopic values in sediments suggest the Qaidam Basin in the northern Tibetan Plateau was uplifted from sea level to its present altitude since the Mid-Miocene.