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During extreme cold and hot events, carbon emissions and the intensity of electricity generation, and thus reliance on fossil fuels, increase in the continental United States, according to an analysis of climate reanalysis and daily electricity generation data over the period 2018–2023.
Efficient agricultural management and irrigation infrastructure expansion, could reduce crop water footprint by 2040 in Africa, but more blue water would be needed after 2040 to maintain increasing yields, according to model projections of water footprint for the 21st century
Volatile degassing in magma storage reservoirs can buffer magma withdrawal and reduce deformation signals, according to a multi-parameter analysis combining gravity and ground deformation measurements from Mt. Etna with geochemical modeling.
Between 7.7 and 23.1 million tonnes of wind turbine blade waste could be generated in China by 2050, but although recycling approaches exist, they are not always available, cost-effective or environmentally sustainable, according to a quantitative analysis of present and future blade waste
Background lead aerosol levels are dominated by leaded gasoline in Southeast Asia, coal and fuelwood combustion and ore processing in India indicating recirculation over two decades, suggest a meta-analysis of lead isotopic compositions of aerosols and Bayesian 3D isotope mixing model simulation.
Despite devastating global impacts, a potential collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation with global warming could lead to cooler and wetter conditions in parts of Amazonia and less rainforest conversion, according to an analysis of climate observations and model projections for the 21st century.
The sensitivity of extreme precipitation to global temperature change can be mapped robustly on a 1.5 km x 1.5 km grid, using a deep learning approach, trained on precipitation measurements from 10,000 stations globally and an annual mean temperature time series.
Volatile gas emissions measurements indicate the 2021 Cumbre Vieja eruption was one of the most CO2-rich ever measured and suggest that alkaline magmatism over the lifetime of ocean island complexes could emit CO2 at a scale comparable to large igneous provinces
Temporarily flooded depressions within croplands are hotspots of nitrous oxide emissions and may account for 30% of total nitrous oxide fluxes from total cultivated area despite representing only 1%, suggest remotely sensed aerial mapping analyses and in situ flux measurements in Zealand, Denmark.
Merging flood impact data from Landsat, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-1 satellites boosts useful flood image coverage from 7% to 66% across all flood types, and would greatly increase the percentage of displaced populations served by high-resolution images
Hypogenic karst systems can form rapidly with the cooling of carbon dioxide-rich geothermal fluids in confined carbonate aquifers, according to an analysis of numerical simulations from a hydro-thermo-geochemical model for cave formation integrating field observations
Globally, most cities increased tree cover, and about half expanded areas with nontree vegetation; however, human exposure to urban trees is declining in the Global South, according to an analysis using satellite-derived vegetation, climate, and socioeconomic datasets.
Upland soils in Greenland are consistent methane sinks with methane oxidizer abundance, soil pH and available soil copper acting as important controls on the spatial variation in methane oxidation, according to incubation experiments and analyses of soils along a pedoclimatic transect.
Grazing of sinking particles by hypoxia-tolerant zooplankton likely reduces biological carbon pump efficiency in the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Peru, suggest analysis of drifting sediment trap samples and in situ imaging observations.
High-density crustal anomalies record the transit of the Iceland plume beneath the North East Atlantic lithosphere in a 3-dimensional density model which integrates seismic profiles, seismic tomography and inverse gravity modelling
A low-viscosity layer atop the mantle transition zone may facilitate slab sinking and recurring intermediate-depth seismicity, according to an analysis of seismic observations and velocity models from the Indian-Eurasian collision zone.
The 2023 Mw 7.8 Pazarcik earthquake, Türkiye was characterized by spatially non-uniform rupture propagation that included transient episodes of supershear rupture, according to a 2D model informed by nearby seismic records.
Future climate change could significantly lengthen the fire season in Indian forests, increasing days of severe fire risk by up to 60% in dry forests, but reducing those days by up to 40% in humid forests, according to an analysis of climate projections using a fire weather index
The availability of energy-transition minerals and policy development to enable future supply do not align in countries outside the OECD, according to an evaluation of national mineral production and policy data, which could delay or disrupt the global energy transition.
A correlation between seismic velocity changes and steam build-up is observed in the Hengill geothermal field (Iceland) using seismic noise interferometry, providing a surface-based and cost-effective monitoring tool for gas reservoirs in the crust.