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A nuclear conflict could lead to global cooling followed by a large and sustained El Niño-like response in the tropical Pacific region, according to an evaluation of six scenarios for nuclear conflict with an Earth system model.
Fine-scale, direct measurements of shoaling internal solitary waves reveal that convective breaking and collapse of Kelvin–Helmholtz billows often occur simultaneously and generate turbulence four orders of magnitude larger than in the open ocean.
Naturally occurring poirierite is identified in three shocked meteorites where it probably formed as a metastable phase during rapid phase transitions between olivine and its high-pressure polymorphs, according to high-resolution crystallographic analyses
The 2019 Le Teil earthquake caused shaking and ground acceleration exceeding gravity and far greater than the levels expected for such a moderate sized earthquake, according to a combination of numerical predictions and in-situ observations.
Conjugate faulting and seismic velocity structure reveal the fine-scale complexity of fault growth on a young system that may be facilitated by diffusion of crustal fluids, according to a micro-earthquake catalogue from a hyperdense seismic network.
Integrating uncertainties using insights from both observations and models narrows the range on the remaining carbon budget for 1.5 °C, as well as the transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions.
Planet Mercury’s radius probably reduced by no more than 2 km since the Late Heavy Bombardment, with a strong hemispheric dichotomy in contractional strain, suggesting the loss of interior heat over time is less than expected for a small rocky body
High vertical variation in englacial debris concentration is found in four 150 m-deep borehole optical televiewer logs in Khumbu Glacier, Nepal, with vertically averaged englacial debris concentrations of up to 6.4% by volume towards the terminus.
Hotspots of critical water usage along the global supply chain for a lithium-ion battery storage are mainly associated with mining activities, for example of lithium, aluminium and copper, according to a spatially explicit life cycle impact assessment.
Changes in monthly temperature extremes are governed by mean climate warming, whereas changes in monthly precipitation extremes respond more to changes in variability, suggest analyses of large-ensemble climate simulations.
Information on the initial chemical nature of Archean organic materials can survive in rocks despite a complex geological history, according to spatially resolved chemical analyses of 3.4-billion-year old organic films.
The seasonal evolution of the Afro-Asian monsoon system from the continents to oceanic regions has changed through the Holocene due to variation in seasonal insolation resulting from orbital forcing, according to a data-model synthesis.
Total erupted volume and umbrella cloud radius can inform estimates of eruption characteristics and volcanic explosivity more reliably than column height or volume alone, according to simulations of the eruption of Pululagua, Ecuador, 2,450 years ago.
Mineral dust deposited over the western Amazon region through the Holocene is not limited to a Saharan source and instead has diverse origins, according to geochemical fingerprinting of dust from lacustrine deposits.
Ground deformation and a sudden acceleration of movement in the final two months preceded the catastrophic collapse of the Brumadinho Tailings Dam in Brazil, according to advanced analyses of InSAR remote sensing data.
Global mean sea level was 28.4 ± 11.7 m higher than at present during the Early Pliocene, at atmospheric CO2 levels of no more than 450 ppm and temperatures of 2–3 ∘C above preindustrial levels, suggests a reconstruction from Patagonia.
Airborne microplastic particles with a possible oceanic origin were identified in the marine atmosphere, far from the coast, using micro-Raman spectroscopy analyses of air samples, during a transect across the North Atlantic Ocean in 2016.
Loss and fragmentation of contiguous tracts of primary forest enhances the susceptibility of tropical peatland and forest to fires triggered by frequent droughts, according to satellite-based remote sensing of Sumatra and Kalimantan from the past two decades
The disparity in predicted and observed till transport rates beneath flowing ice is partially explained by water pressure fluctuations which alter the rate and depth of slip in the sediments, according to a coupled ice-meltwater-till continuum model
Stratospheric solar geoengineering using calcium carbonate particles might have little impact on ozone, according to simulations with an atmospheric chemistry model using experimental reaction rates.