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Historically, women have often not been the primary focus of medical and pharmaceutical research efforts, and studies in some fields have been conducted without taking into adequate consideration sex and gender representation among participants. As outlined in a recent editorial, many studies rely on a single sex or gender without an appropriate justification.
On this basis, the editors at Nature Communications and npj Women’s Health are now inviting submissions of primary research studies focusing specifically on physiology and health in women. We particularly want to encourage submissions of clinical and basic research studies in the areas of metabolism, cardiovascular, reproductive, mental, global and public health. We will consider studies in other areas where specific analysis of physiology and health in women has not been adequately addressed, and also preclinical studies where the relevance for human health is clearly established - for instance where findings obtained in research models are confirmed, even in part, in human cohorts. We will highlight relevant papers in this collection, together with other article types, such as Perspectives and Comments that add significant insight into the challenge of addressing the data gaps that exist in women’s health and physiology.
The authors identify UBAP2 as a novel osteoporosis susceptibility gene by performing association studies focusing on coding regions of the genome, and report that it plays a role in bone homeostasis through the regulation of bone remodelling.
Progesterone (P4) signalling is involved in physiological control of the endometrium and contributes to the pathogenesis of endometrial diseases such as endometriosis. Here the authors report that CFP1, a regulator of histone methylation, controls endometrial responses to P4 and lack of endometrial CFP1 leads to failure of embryo implantation and exacerbated experimental endometriosis in mice.
The endometrium is activated by the pregnancy hormones estrogen and progesterone to facilitate embryo implantation, and errors in endometrial responsiveness can lead to reduced fertility or endometriosis. Here they show that GREB1 interacts with hormone receptors in the endometrium, leading to normal or pathological consequences depending on the hormones involved.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is involved in mammalian reproduction, but several studies have suggested a role of FSH and its receptor in extragonadal tissue. Here, the authors show that FSH orchestrates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) via its receptor on pancreatic β-cells, with pre-menopausal FSH levels dose-dependently promoting GSIS and postmenopausal FSH levels inhibiting this effect.
KN046 is a recombinant anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody that has shown clinical activity in different advanced solid tumors. Here the authors report the results of a phase II study of KN046 in combination with nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.
Here, the authors explore the relation between age at menarche, parity and age at natural menopause with 249 metabolic traits in over 65,000 UK Biobank to explore whether reproductive factors are likely to impact females’ metabolic profile later in life.
Age-associated myometrial dysfunction can cause complications during pregnancy and labor. Here, the authors report that aging myometrium is characterized by diminished contractile capillary cells, altered gene expression, and disrupted cellular communication leading to impaired angiogenesis, increased fibrosis and inflammation.
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis, and it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Genetic information on DNA repair is increasingly used in diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment selection and will ostensibly translate to an overall survival benefit—at least for certain subgroups of patients. In this commentary, we outline the promise and challenges of precision oncology and discuss how the prospects depend not only on genomic data but also on deep-tissue immune profiling. The technological breakthroughs in antibody-based therapies have paved the way for the introduction of new therapeutics.
Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. Here, the authors show that cis P-tau is a central circulating etiologic driver in preeclampsia and that the stereo-specific antibody targeting cis P-tau holds promise for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
The authors show that maternal high-fat diet influences offspring’s ovarian reserve through maternal-embryonic cross-talk in mice and that maternal vitamin B1 supplementation could rescue ovarian primordial follicle reserve in mouse offspring.
The assessment of selective therapeutics targeted to treat altered vasoactivity, a major characteristic of cardiovascular and oncological diseases, is still challenging due to unknown whole-body selectivity. Here the authors demonstrate that photoacoustic tomography has the potential to capture significant acute vasodilation of major arteries and vasculature selectivity.