Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0609-3, published online 20 May 2019.

In the version of this article initially published, the phrase “nationally representative” was used to describe the ABCD study. Designing the ABCD sample demographics to match those of the national target population does not guarantee that the sample will be representative across all of the many dimensions (demographics, family and individual factors, community and environment, behaviors, exposures) that may influence a child’s development. The main text and Nature Research Reporting Summary have been corrected to remove references to the ABCD sample as representative of the US population. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.