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Phenome-wide association study and precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases in the post-COVID-19 era

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica volume 44, pages 2347–2357 (2023)Cite this article

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection causes injuries of not only the lungs but also the heart and endothelial cells in vasculature of multiple organs, and induces systemic inflammation and immune over-reactions, which makes COVID-19 a disease phenome that simultaneously affects multiple systems. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are intrinsic risk and causative factors for severe COVID-19 comorbidities and death. The wide-spread infection and reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the long-COVID may become a new common threat to human health and propose unprecedented impact on the risk factors, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of many diseases including CVD for a long time. COVID-19 has highlighted the urgent demand for precision medicine which needs new knowledge network to innovate disease taxonomy for more precise diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of disease. A deeper understanding of CVD in the setting of COVID-19 phenome requires a paradigm shift from the current phenotypic study that focuses on the virus or individual symptoms to phenomics of COVID-19 that addresses the inter-connectedness of clinical phenotypes, i.e., clinical phenome. Here, we summarize the CVD manifestations in the full clinical spectrum of COVID-19, and the phenome-wide association study of CVD interrelated to COVID-19. We discuss the underlying biology for CVD in the COVID-19 phenome and the concept of precision medicine with new phenomic taxonomy that addresses the overall pathophysiological responses of the body to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also briefly discuss the unique taxonomy of disease as Zheng-hou patterns in traditional Chinese medicine, and their potential implications in precision medicine of CVD in the post-COVID-19 era.

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Fig. 1: The COVID-19 phenome.
Fig. 2: Cardiovascular manifestations and potential underlying mechanisms in the COVID-19 phenome.
Fig. 3: PheWAS and precision medicine of CVD in the COVID-19 phenome.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by research grants from the Science and Technology strategic cooperation Programs of Luzhou Municipal People’s Government and Southwest Medical University (NO. 2017LZXNYD-P01 and 2019 LZXNYD-P01DUAN to Dr. Duan).

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Qian Cao, Xin Du, Xiao-yan Jiang.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China

    Qian Cao, Xin Du, Xiao-yan Jiang, Yuan Tian, Chen-hao Gao, Zi-yu Liu, Ting Xu, Xing-xing Tao, Ming Lei, Xiao-qiang Wang, Lingyu Linda Ye & Dayue Darrel Duan

  2. Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China

    Lingyu Linda Ye & Dayue Darrel Duan

  3. Key Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases and Precision Medicie, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750001, China

    Lingyu Linda Ye & Dayue Darrel Duan

  4. The Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA

    Dayue Darrel Duan

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  1. Qian Cao
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Cao, Q., Du, X., Jiang, Xy. et al. Phenome-wide association study and precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases in the post-COVID-19 era. Acta Pharmacol Sin 44, 2347–2357 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-023-01119-1

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