Diffusion tensor imaging analyzed by tract based spatial statistics detects the hypothermia-for-perinatal asphyxia-treatment effect, qualifying as a biomarker for the early evaluation of this neuroprotective intervention.

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Lipopolysaccharide in amniotic fluid induces monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP-1 and MCP-2) in fetal sheep lung thereby mediating monocyte and T-lymphocyte chemotaxis. This induction of MCP-1 is not interleukin (IL)-1 dependent and along with MCP-2 contributes to fetal inflammation.

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In-vitro protective effects of protease inhibitors against meconium induced disruption of intercellular connections and alveolar epithelial cell detachment from the basement membrane, suggests a role in treatment and/or prophylaxis of meconium aspiration syndrome.

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Platelet–activating factor–acetylhydrolase enzyme homozygous null neonatal mice (PAF-AH−/−) subjected to conditions producing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), revealed lower mortality but more susceptibility to NEC in survivors versus wild type mice. This susceptibility was associated with prominent intestinal inflammation.

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Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIP), serine proteases inhibitors modulate endogenous protease activity. IAIP administration in neonatal mice with sepsis improved survival to 90% by reversing hemorrhagic pneumonitis. This effect is due to suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, providing the potential of IAIP as a therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of sepsis.

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Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment of 2 Japanese children with autosomal recessive neonatal cholestasis caused by 3β-hydroxy-Δ5–C27-steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase deficiency due to novel mutations in the HSD3B7 gene, normalized liver function and improved bile acid profiles.

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