Membrane bound CLN2 protein co-immunoprecipitates with CLN3, CLN6 and CLN8 and co-localizes to early and/or recycling endosomes and lipid rafts. These interactive proteins underlie the clinical variants of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and appear to occur at multiple points along a common pathway.

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Postnatal exposure to glucocorticoids led to hyperlipidemia, increased hepatic triglyceride content and insulin resistance subsequently during the suckling phase in rats.

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Hypoxic stress was associated with increased maternal and fetal rat plasma corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and corticosterone concentrations, while provoking meconium passage. A role for CRF in mediating hypoxic stress-mediated meconium passage is proposed.

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Mice carrying mutations of the multi-drug resistance 4 gene developed hepatic dysfunction with significant bile duct proliferation, peribiliary fibroblast activation and fibrosis when fed a cholic acid supplemented diet. These changes reversed with a lecithin supplemented diet.

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In a longitudinal prospective study, a month of treatment and folate supplementation altered the epithelial cellular and blood lymphocytic micronucleus frequency in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These observations suggest a role for cytogenetic aberrations in the pathogenesis of these bowel diseases and may help predict the subsequent development of cancer. Reprinted with permission from Fenech M et al. 2003 Mutat Res-Gen Tox En 534:65–75 ©2002 Elsevier Science.

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