A prospective multicentre study investigated the efficacy of optimized triple therapy (OPT-TRI; esomeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin) versus nonbismuth quadruple concomitant therapy (OPT-CON; OPT-TRI regimen plus metronidazole) for Helicobacter pylori infection. The OPT-CON regimen achieved substantially higher (>90%) H. pylori eradication rates than OPT-TRI. Mild-to-moderate adverse events, which did not affect compliance, were more common in the OPT-CON than the OPT-TRI treatment group.