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A capsidless ssRNA virus hosted by an unrelated dsRNA virus

Nature Microbiology volume 1, Article number: 15001 (2016) Cite this article

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Abstract

Viruses typically encode the capsid that encases their genome, while satellite viruses do not encode a replicase and depend on a helper virus for their replication1. Here, we report interplay between two RNA viruses, yado-nushi virus 1 (YnV1) and yado-kari virus 1 (YkV1), in a phytopathogenic fungus, Rosellinia necatrix2. YkV1 has a close phylogenetic affinity to positive-sense, single-stranded (+)ssRNA viruses such as animal caliciviruses3, while YnV1 has an undivided double-stranded (ds) RNA genome with a resemblance to fungal totiviruses4. Virion transfection and infectious full-length cDNA transformation has shown that YkV1 depends on YnV1 for viability, although it probably encodes functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Immunological and molecular analyses have revealed trans-encapsidation of not only YkV1 RNA but also RdRp by the capsid protein of the other virus (YnV1), and enhancement of YnV1 accumulation by YkV1. This study demonstrates interplay in which the capsidless (+)ssRNA virus (YkV1), hijacks the capsid protein of the dsRNA virus (YnV1), and replicates as if it were a dsRNA virus.

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Figure 1: Characterization of yado-nushi virus 1 (YnV1) and yado-kari virus 1 (YkV1) infecting R. necatrix strain W1032 and composition of virus particles isolated from it.
Figure 2: Interaction between YnV1 and YkV1.
Figure 3: Proposed model for interactions between YnV1 and YkV1.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Yomogi Inc. (N.S.) and the Science and Technology Research Promotion Program for Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and food Industry (25032AB) (S.K. and N.S.) for financial support during this study. The authors thank R. Dietzgen, K. Hyodo and I.B. Andika for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. The authors are also grateful to T. Shiokawa and H. Tada at the Division of Instrumental Analysis, Okayama University, for the amino-acid sequence analyses.

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Author notes

  1. Rui Zhang and Sakae Hisano: These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuou 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Okayama, Japan

    Rui Zhang, Sakae Hisano, Akio Tani, Hideki Kondo & Nobuhiro Suzuki

  2. NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, 92 Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, 020-0123, Iwate, Japan

    Satoko Kanematsu

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  1. Rui Zhang
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Contributions

S.K. and N.S. designed the research. R.Z., S.H., A.T. and H.K. performed the experiments. S.K. contributed fungal materials. H.K., A.T. and N.S. analysed the data. N.S. wrote the paper. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nobuhiro Suzuki.

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Zhang, R., Hisano, S., Tani, A. et al. A capsidless ssRNA virus hosted by an unrelated dsRNA virus. Nat Microbiol 1, 15001 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2015.1

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