To the editor
A news story in the May issue of your journal that reports on worldwide legislation regarding human cloning (Nature Med., 7, 518; 2001) gives the impression that Italy has one of the most open and advanced policies in the world. This is far from the truth. In fact, an 'ordinanza' (legislative power used by the Ministry for urgent and temporary matters) has been in place since March 1997 banning “any experiment targeted directly or indirectly to human and animal cloning.” This rule permits only the cloning of transgenic animals or endangered species assuming that cloning is a routine technique that does not require experimentation1.
In 1999, when our laboratory announced the cloning of Galileo (a bull obtained from blood cells2) we were charged with a criminal offence3, a verdict that was overturned six months later by a High Court Judge in Cremona who ruled that the ban on cloning was illegal. Although the scientific community had high hopes that the government would change its position on the matter—Health Minister Umberto Veronesi created a Commission headed by Renato Dulbecco that returned an open-minded report on cloning at the end of last year—nothing has changed. The 'ordinanza' banning cloning it is still in place and any scientist embarking on cloning experiments in Italy (animal and human) could still face criminal charges.
References
Gazzetta Ufficiale. n 55, 7 March (1997).
Galli, C. et al. Mammalian leukocytes contain all the genetic information necessary for the development of a new individual. Cloning 1, 161–170 (1999).
Simini, B. Italian scientist investigated after animal cloning experiment. Lancet 354, 1365 (1999).
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Galli, C., Lazzari, G. Animal cloning experiments still banned in Italy. Nat Med 7, 753 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/89834
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/89834