Jawless fishes, the 'sister' group of jawed vertebrates, use leucine-rich repeat–containing proteins as antigen receptors. New work shows that the two isotypes of variable lymphocyte receptors are expressed in distinct lymphocyte lineages, which indicates that lymphocytes resembling T cells and B cells are an ancient feature of all vertebrates.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Pancer, Z. et al. Nature 430, 174–180 (2004).
Nagawa, F. et al. Nat. Immunol. 8, 206–213 (2007).
Rogozin, I.B. et al. Nat. Immunol. 8, 647–656 (2007).
Guo, P. et al. Nature 459, 796–801 (2009).
Pancer, Z. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 9224–9229 (2005).
Alder, M.N. et al. Science 310, 1970–1973 (2005).
Kasahara, M., Kasamatsu, J. & Sutoh, Y. Zoolog. Sci. 25, 969–975 (2008).
Conticello, S.G., Langlois, M.A., Yang, Z. & Neuberger, M.S. Adv. Immunol. 94, 37–73 (2007).
Agrawal, A., Eastman, Q.M. & Schatz, D.G. Nature 394, 744–751 (1998).
Pancer, Z., Mayer, W.E., Klein, J. & Cooper, M.D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 13273–13278 (2004).
Bajoghli, B. et al. Cell 10.1016/j.cell.2009.1004.1017 (2009).
Li, J. et al. Nat. Immunol. 7, 1116–1124 (2006).
Cooper, M.D., Peterson, R.D. & Good, R.A. Nature 205, 143–146 (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boehm, T. One problem, two solutions. Nat Immunol 10, 811–813 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0809-811
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni0809-811
This article is cited by
-
Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressures
Nature Reviews Genetics (2010)