Impaired endogenous fibrinolytic capacity in prehypertensive men

Abstract

Prehypertension (blood pressure (BP) 120–139/80–89 mm Hg) is associated with an increased risk for future atherothrombotic events. Although the mechanisms underlying this elevated risk are not completely understood, one possibility is that prehypertension is associated with impaired endothelial fibrinolytic capacity. We tested the hypothesis that vascular endothelial release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is impaired in prehypertensive men. Net endothelial release of t-PA was determined, in vivo, in response to intrabrachial infusions of bradykinin (12.5, 25, 50 ng per 100 ml tissue per min) and sodium nitroprusside at (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 μg per 100 ml tissue per min) in 42 middle-age and older men: 16 normotensive (BP range: 100–119/57–79 mm Hg); 16 prehypertensive (BP range: 120–139/76–89 mm Hg); and 10 hypertensive (BP range: 140–150/74–100 mm Hg). Net release of t-PA antigen was ~25% lower (P<0.05) in the prehypertensive (−0.9±0.8 to 42.4±5.3 ng per 100 ml tissue per min) compared with the normotensive (0.5±1.0 to 53.9±6.5 ng per 100 ml tissue per min) men. There was no significant difference in t-PA release between the hypertensive (−1.8±1.6 to 40.8±6.6 ng per 100 ml tissue per min) and prehypertensive groups. Sodium nitroprusside did not significantly alter the t-PA release in any group. These data indicate that endothelial t-PA release is diminished in prehypertensive men. Further, the level of impairment in t-PA release seen with clinical hypertension is already apparent in the prehypertensive state. Impaired endothelial fibrinolytic function may underlie the increased atherothrombotic risk associated with BP in the prehypertensive range.