Abstract
NATURAL selection is thought to favour differences in resource use (resource partitioning) among coexisting species because overlap is assumed to incur fitness costs1–5. However, studies of resource partitioning in animal systems in the wild have ignored or had difficulty demonstrating fitness costs of overlap, particularly at the level of individuals. Here I report manipulative and observational tests demonstrating individual-level fitness costs of resource overlap. Based on an extensive data set (2,400 experimental nests and 1,408 natural nests), I show that seven coexisting bird species differ in nesting microhabitats, and that overlap in use of nest sites increases nest predation rates (fitness costs). Moreover, predation risk is greater for individuals within species that use nest sites that overlap with coexisting species. Such intraspecific variation can allow natural selection to shape species differences and patterns of species coexistence.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lack, D. Ecological Isolation in Birds (Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971).
Schoener, T. W. Science 185, 27–39 (1974).
Schoener, T. W. in Community Ecology (eds Kikkawa, J. & Anderson, D. J.) 91–126 (Blackwell Scientific, Melbourne, 1986).
Gause, G. F. The Struggle for Existence (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1934).
Hutchinson, G. E. 1957 Cold Spring Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 22, 415–427.
Ricklefs, R. E. & O'Rourke, K. Evolution 29, 313–324 (1975).
Holt, R. D. Theor. Populat. Biol. 12, 197–229 (1977).
Holt, R. D. Am. Nat. 124, 377–406 (1984).
Jeffries, J. J. & Lawton, J. H. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 23, 269–286 (1984).
Martin, T. E. BioScience 43, 523–532 (1993).
Martin, T. E. Evol. Ecol. 2, 37–50 (1988).
Martin, T. E. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 2196–2199 (1988).
Ricklefs, R. E. Smithson. Contr. Zool. 9, 1–48 (1969).
Martin, T. E. Am. Nat. 141, 897–913 (1993).
Martin, T. E. Ecol. Monogr. 65, 101–127 (1995).
Martin, T. E. & Roper, J. J. Condor 90, 51–57 (1988).
Martin, T. E. Ecology 68, 74–84 (1988).
Solomon, E. P., Berg, L. R., Martin, D. W. & Villee, C. Biology (Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1993).
Brewer, R. The Science of Ecology (Saunders College Publishing, New York, 1994).
Strickberger, M. W. Evolution (Jones & Bartlett, Boston, MA, 1996).
MacArthur, R. H. Ecology 39, 599–619 (1958).
James, F. C., Johnston, R. F., Wamer, N. O., Niemi, G. J. & Boecklen, W. J. Am. Nat. 124, 17–47 (1984).
Hensler, G. L. & Nichols, J. D. Wilson Bull. 93, 42–53 (1981).
Hines, J. E. & Sauer, J. R. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Wildl. Tech. Rep. Vol. 24 (1989).
Martin, T. E. & Geupel, G. R. J. Fld Orn. 64, 507–519 (1993).
Sauer, J. R. & Williams, B. K. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 53, 137–142 (1989).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martin, T. Fitness costs of resource overlap among coexisting bird species. Nature 380, 338–340 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1038/380338a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/380338a0
This article is cited by
-
Interspecific nest destruction in the Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus: kleptoparasitism or competition?
acta ethologica (2022)
-
On nest-site copying, owner aggression, and mimicry: the adaptive significance of interspecific information use in a landscape of fear
acta ethologica (2021)
-
Interspecific information on predation risk affects nest site choice in a passerine bird
BMC Evolutionary Biology (2018)
-
Species-specific nest predation depends on the total passerine nest density in open-nesting passerines
Journal of Ornithology (2018)
-
Avoiding perceived past resource use of potential competitors affects niche dynamics in a bird community
BMC Evolutionary Biology (2014)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.