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What retroviruses teach us about the involvement of c-Myc in leukemias and lymphomas

Leukemia volume 16, pages 1086–1098 (2002)Cite this article

Abstract

Overexpression of the cellular oncogene c-Myc frequently occurs during induction of leukemias and lymphomas in many species. Retroviruses have enhanced our understanding of the role of c-Myc in such tumors. Leukemias and lymphomas induced by retroviruses activate c-Myc by: (1) use of virally specified proteins that increase c-Myc transcription, (2) transduction and modification of c-Myc to generate a virally encoded form of the gene, v-Myc, and (3) proviral integration in or near c-Myc. Proviral integrations elevate transcription by insertion of retroviral enhancers found in the long terminal repeat (LTR). Studies of the LTR enhancer elements from these retroviruses have revealed the importance of these elements for c-Mycactivation in several cell types. Retroviruses also have been used to identify genes that collaborate with c-Myc during development and progression of leukemias and lymphomas. In these experiments, animals that are transgenic for c-Mycoverexpression (often in combination with the overexpression or deletion of known proto-oncogenes) have been infected with retroviruses that then insertionally activate novel co-operating cellular genes. The retrovirus then acts as a molecular ‘tag’ for cloning of these genes. This review covers several aspects of c-Myc involvement in retrovirally induced leukemias and lymphomas.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Public Health Service Grants CA34780 and CA77760 from the US National Cancer Institute.

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  1. L Rajan

    Present address: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Dept of Orthopaedics, Annenberg 20–40, Box 1188, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, 10029, NY, USA

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  1. Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    JP Dudley, JA Mertz, L Rajan, M Lozano & DR Broussard

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Dudley, J., Mertz, J., Rajan, L. et al. What retroviruses teach us about the involvement of c-Myc in leukemias and lymphomas. Leukemia 16, 1086–1098 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2402451

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