Abstract
Sam68 (Src associated in mitosis; 68 kDa) is an RNA-binding protein and substrate of Src family kinases. It is thought to play a role in cell cycle progression. Overexpression of Sam68 in fibroblasts was reported to have two separable functions dependent on its ability to bind RNA — cell cycle arrest or the induction of apoptosis. Post-translational modification with SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) is common to many transcription factors and can regulate protein localization, stability and function. Here we show Sam68 to be modified by SUMO, and demonstrate that the SUMO E3 ligase (PIAS1) (protein inhibitor of activated STAT1) can enhance Sam68 sumoylation. Lysine 96, the first lysine in the amino-terminal region of Sam68, was found to be the major SUMO acceptor site. Mutation of the SUMO acceptor lysine to arginine enhanced the ability of Sam68 to induce apoptosis but inhibited its ability to act as a transcriptional inhibitor of cyclin D1 expression. A SUMO-1 Sam68 fusion protein, on the other hand, inhibited the ability of Sam68 to induce apoptosis but was a strong repressor of cyclin D1 expression. Thus, SUMO may be an important regulator of Sam68 function in cell cycle progression.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 50 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $5.18 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Babic I, Jakymiw A, Fujita DJ . (2004). Oncogene 23: 3781–3789.
Barlat I, Maurier F, Duchesne M, Guitard E, Tocque B, Schweighoffer F . (1997). J Biol Chem 272: 3129–3132.
Chen TP, Boisvert FM, Bazett-Jones DP, Richard S . (1999). Mol Biol Cell 1: 3015–3033.
Derry JJ, Richard S, Carvajal HV, Ye X, Vasioukhin V, Cochrane AW et al. (2000). Mol Cell Biol 20: 6114–6126.
Desterro JM, Rodriguez MS, Hay RT . (1998). Mol Cell 2: 233–239.
Duncan R, Bazar L, Michelotti G, Tomonaga T, Krutzsch H, Avigan M et al. (1994). Genes Dev 8: 465–480.
Fumagalli S, Totty NF, Hsuan JJ, Courtneidge SA . (1994). Nature 368: 871–874.
Gill G . (2003). Curr Opin Genet Dev 13: 108–113.
Gill G . (2005). Curr Opin Genet Dev 15: 1–6.
Girdwood D, Bumpass D, Vaughan OA, Thain A, Anderson LA, Snowden AW et al. (2003). Mol Cell 11: 1043–1054.
Holmstrom S, Van Antwerp ME, Iniguez-Lluhi JA . (2003). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 15758–15763.
Hong W, Resnick RJ, Rakowski C, Shalloway D, Taylor SJ, Blobel GA . (2002). Mol Cancer Res 1: 48–55.
Iniguez-Lluhi JA, Pearce D . (2000). Mol Cell Biol 20: 6040–6050.
Jackson PK . (2001). Genes Dev 15: 3053–3058.
Johnson ES . (2004). Ann Rev Biochem 73: 355–382.
Kagey MH, Melhuish TA, Wotton D . (2003). Cell 113: 127–137.
Kim KI, Baek SH, Chung CH . (2002). J Cell Physiol 191: 257–268.
Kotaja N, Karvonen U, Janne OA, Palvimo JJ . (2002). Mol Cell Biol 22: 5222–5234.
Lee PSW, Chang CB, Liu D, Derynck R . (2003). J Biol Chem 278: 27853–27863.
Li QH, Haga I, Shimizu T, Itoh M, Kurosaki T, Fujisawa J . (2002). FEBS Lett 525: 145–150.
Liu K, Li LM, Nisson PE, Gruber C, Jessee J, Cohen SN . (2000). J Biol Chem 275: 40195–40201.
Lukong KE, Larocque D, Tyner AL, Richard S . (2005). J Biol Chem 280: 38639–38647.
Lukong KE, Richard S . (2003). Biochim Biophys Acta 1653: 73–86.
Mahajan R, Delphin C, Guan TL, Gerace L, Melchior F . (1997). Cell 88: 97–107.
Mahajan R, Gerace L, Melchior F . (1998). J Cell Biol 140: 259–270.
Matter N, Herrlich P, Konig H . (2002). Nature 420: 691–695.
Matunis MJ, Wu JA, Blobel G . (1998). J Cell Biol 140: 99–509.
McBride AE, Schlegel A, Kirkegaard K . (1996). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 2296–2301.
McBride AE, Taylor SJ, Shalloway D, Kirkegaard K . (1998). Exp Cell Res 241: 84–95.
Melchior F, Schergaut M, Pichler A . (2003). Trends Biochem Sci 28: 612–618.
Michelotti EF, Michelotti GA, Aronsohn AI, Levens D . (1996). Mol Cell Biol 16: 2350–2360.
Miyauchi Y, Yogosawa S, Honda R, Nishida T, Yasuda H . (2002). J Biol Chem 277: 50131–50136.
Ostareck-Lederer A, Ostareck DH, Cans C, Neubauer G, Bomsztyk K, Superti-Furga G et al. (2002). Mol Cell Biol 22: 4535–4543.
Rodriguez MS, Dargemont C, Hay RT . (2001). J Biol Chem 276: 12654–12659.
Seeler JS, Dejean A . (2003). Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4: 690–699.
Taylor SJ, Resnick RJ, Shalloway D . (2004). BMC Cell Biol 5: 5.
Taylor SJ, Shalloway D . (1994). Nature 368: 867–871.
Tomonaga T, Levens D . (1995). J Biol Chem 270: 4875–4881.
Vassileva MT, Matunis MJ . (2004). Mol Cell Biol 24: 3623–3632.
Verger A, Perdomo J, Crossley M . (2003). EMBO Rep 4: 137–142.
Vernet C, Artzt K . (1997). Trends Genet 13: 479–484.
Vogel LB, Fujita DJ . (1995). J Biol Chem 270: 2506–2511.
Wang LL, Richard S, Shaw AS . (1995). J Biol Chem 270: 2010–2013.
Wong G, Muller O, Clark R, Conroy L, Moran MF, Polakis P et al. (1992). Cell 69: 551–558.
Yamamoto H, Ihara M, Matsuura Y, Kikuchi A . (2003). EMBO J 22: 2047–2059.
Yang JP, Reddy TR, Truong KT, Suhasini M, Wong-Staal F . (2002). Oncogene 21: 7187–7194.
Yang SH, Sharrocks AD . (2004). Mol Cell 13: 611–617.
Zhang H, Saitoh H, Matunis MJ . (2002). Mol Cell Biol 22: 6498–6508.
Acknowledgements
We thank Kim Orth for the HA-SUMO expression constructs, Jiann-an Tan for the PIAS1 expression construct and Karl Riabowol for cyclin D1 promoter luciferase reporter. We thank Laurie Robertson for her assistance with flow cytometry and cell sorting. This work was supported by grants to DJF from the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Alliance and the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation (AB/NWT Chapter). IB was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Doctoral Research Award and an Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (AHFMR) Studentship Award.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Babic, I., Cherry, E. & Fujita, D. SUMO modification of Sam68 enhances its ability to repress cyclin D1 expression and inhibits its ability to induce apoptosis. Oncogene 25, 4955–4964 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209504
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209504
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Sam68 promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis via CRTC2
Nature Communications (2021)
-
Expression of Sam68 Associates with Neuronal Apoptosis and Reactive Astrocytes After Spinal Cord Injury
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology (2017)
-
Structural basis of RNA recognition and dimerization by the STAR proteins T-STAR and Sam68
Nature Communications (2016)
-
Analysis of the interaction between host factor Sam68 and viral elements during foot-and-mouth disease virus infections
Virology Journal (2015)
-
The transcriptional co-activator SND1 is a novel regulator of alternative splicing in prostate cancer cells
Oncogene (2014)