Disease prevention articles within Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology

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  • Review Article |

    Vaccination against COVID-19 confers robust protection from severe disease. However, the extent to which this applies to patients with cancer remains uncertain given that these patients were excluded from most of the pivotal studies. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the efficacy and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer, and discuss alternatives to vaccination for those who might be unable to develop a proficient immune response following vaccination.

    • Annika Fendler
    • , Elisabeth G. E. de Vries
    •  & Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal

  • Review Article |

    Chronic inflammation can promote the development of various cancers. In this Review, the current clinical advances in ameliorating inflammation for the prevention or treatment of cancer are highlighted, and the experimental insights into the biological mechanisms supporting current and potential novel anti-inflammatory approaches to the management of cancer are discussed.

    • Jiajie Hou
    • , Michael Karin
    •  & Beicheng Sun

  • News & Views |

    Chemoprevention for patients with Barrett’s oesophagus remains a controversial topic. Results of the first randomized trial of chemoprevention using a proton pump inhibitor with or without aspirin were recently reported. We highlight strengths and weaknesses in the design of the trial and discuss the clinical implications of the findings.

    • Nisreen S. Husain
    •  & Hashem B. El-Serag

  • Review Article |

    Diet has long been linked with the development and progression of cancer, and indeed obesity is a clear risk factor for many cancers; however, teasing out the relationships between nutritional factors and cancer aetiology has proved difficult, complicating the development of dietary recommendations for cancer prevention. In this Review, the issues and challenges in diet–cancer research are discussed, including those relating to the design of epidemiological studies, dietary data collection methods, and factors that affect the outcome of intervention trials.

    • Susan T. Mayne
    • , Mary C. Playdon
    •  & Cheryl L. Rock

  • News & Views |

    Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) is a standard intervention in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers owing to its associated reduction in mortality related to ovarian and breast cancer. A study has now reported a beneficial impact of adjuvant RRSO in patients with BRCA1 mutations and breast cancer. However, various biases confound these results.

    • Noah Kauff
    •  & Mark Robson

  • Review Article |

    A number of breast lesions that are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and/or represent true precursors of breast tumours are increasingly detected in population screening programmes. At present, the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics that defined the risk of breast cancer in women with these lesions are unknown; nevertheless, management strategies ranging from active surveillance to surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy and endocrine therapy can be planned based on the risk of breast cancer at the population level. Herein, the contemporary approaches to the diagnosis and management of high-risk breast lesions are comprehensively reviewed.

    • Monica Morrow
    • , Stuart J. Schnitt
    •  & Larry Norton

  • Review Article |

    Chemoprevention has been increasingly explored to mitigate the global burden of prostate cancer and the overtreatment of indolent disease that has arisen in the prostate-specific antigen screening era. In this Review, the authors summarize the major findings of chemoprevention trials and discuss the future opportunities in this arena.

    • Ian M. Thompson Jr
    • , April B. Cabang
    •  & Michael J. Wargovich

  • News & Views |

    Patients with hematological malignancies have a risk of developing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. The addition of ATG to prophylaxis regimens decreases the incidence of GVHD without compromising overall survival in these patients.

    • Claudio G. Brunstein

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