Research Highlight |
Featured
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Review Article |
Breathing new life into immunotherapy: review of melanoma, lung and kidney cancer
Recent immunotherapy approaches have focused on antibodies that block immune checkpoints, and these approaches have produced significant clinical responses in melanoma, lung cancer and kidney cancer. The authors of this Review briefly review the basic immunology underlying an antitumour immune response, and discuss the most relevant clinical trial results in these three tumour types.
- Charles G. Drake
- , Evan J. Lipson
- & Julie R. Brahmer
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Review Article
| Open Access
The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer consensus statement on tumour immunotherapy for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma
Immunotherapy is associated with durable clinical benefit in patients with melanoma, and this consensus statement outlines recommendations for its use. The panel has based their guidance on the available evidence and outlines a treatment paradigm using drugs that are FDA approved.
- Howard L. Kaufman
- , John M. Kirkwood
- & Michael B. Atkins
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News & Views |
Indolent lymphoma—why not to sprint at the start of a marathon
A new study has shown that rituximab and bendamustine provide better outcomes and less toxicity than rituximab plus CHOP chemotherapy in patients with indolent lymphomas. However, whether this represents a practice-changing development is unclear and we should not rush to judgement without answering some key questions.
- Stephane Doucet
- & Leo I. Gordon
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Review Article |
Treating B-cell cancer with T cells expressing anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptors
T cells can be genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that target CD19, which is expressed by B cell malignancies, but not by normal tissues. This Review outlines the use of CARs in the treatment of these malignancies and states that it is likely to become an important therapy option for these patients.
- James N. Kochenderfer
- & Steven A. Rosenberg
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Year in Review |
En route to improved treatment options
Progress was made in major aspects of acute myeloid leukaemia in 2012. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin and decitabine were shown to improve outcomes, relapse after stem-cell transplantation might be prevented by selecting donors according to their KIR genotypes, and next-generation sequencing has provided insights into mutational patterns and disease evolution.
- Heiko Becker
- & Clara D. Bloomfield
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Review Article |
Aspirin as adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer—reinterpreting paradigms
Aspirin has been widely reported to be associated with cancer prevention, and now its use as a cancer therapy option is being explored. In this Review, the authors discuss evidence from trials that suggest that aspirin initiation after the diagnosis of colorectal cancer improves survival. The issues of dosage, duration, toxicity and patient selection are also described.
- Whay Kuang Chia
- , Raghib Ali
- & Han Chong Toh
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Review Article |
T-cell therapy in the treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease
This Review describes current strategies and future approaches to improve T cell-based therapies to treat post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, a serious and often life-threatening complication that is associated with Epstein-Barr virus and can occur after haematopoietic stem-cell or solid organ transplantation.
- Catherine M. Bollard
- , Cliona M. Rooney
- & Helen E. Heslop
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Review Article |
Targeting ALK in neuroblastoma—preclinical and clinical advancements
Neuroblastoma is a debilitating disease and a leading cause of childhood cancer deaths. The discovery of ALK as a mutated oncogenic receptor in neuroblastoma has provided an attractive target for innovative therapies. In this article, Mosse and Carpenter review the preclinical and clinical advances in ALK-targeted therapies for neuroblastoma and discuss the emerging challenges.
- Erica L. Carpenter
- & Yael P. Mossé
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Review Article |
Adjuvant treatment of GIST: patient selection and treatment strategies
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib, are effective treatments of advanced-stage gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Here, the optimal treatment strategy for these patients is outlined and future challenges discussed.
- Heikki Joensuu
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Review Article |
Noninvasive cell-tracking methods
The ability to follow the distribution and migration of biologically active cells in living organisms is crucial for the development of cell-based therapies. In this Review, Kircher et al. describe the imaging principles underlying currently available cell-tracking methods and highlight recent examples of their application in animal models and patients.
- Moritz F. Kircher
- , Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- & Jan Grimm
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Review Article |
Cancer immunology—analysis of host and tumor factors for personalized medicine
Cancer immunology is an interactive field that requires the skills of oncologists and immunologists, in addition to other aspects, such as pathology. This Review uses colorectal cancer as a prototypical cancer and describes how molecular features and immune reactions are inter-related.
- Shuji Ogino
- , Jérôme Galon
- & Glenn Dranoff
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Review Article |
Cell transfer immunotherapy for metastatic solid cancer—what clinicians need to know
The adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is one of the most promising developments of recent years for the treatment of patients with solid tumors. In this Review, a pioneer of this method, Steven Rosenberg, outlines the history and current situation for this therapy and explains what clinicians need to know.
- Steven A. Rosenberg
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News & Views |
Improved outcomes for patients with metastatic melanoma
Recently published phase III trials involving interleukin-2, ipilimumab and vemurafenib redefine 'standard-of-care' for metastatic melanoma and demonstrate improved survival compared with dacarbazine. All three therapies are potential first-line options for patients with metastatic melanoma, with optimal treatment strategies evolving based on tumor mutation status, disease burden, performance status and comorbidities.
- Vernon K. Sondak
- & Lawrence E. Flaherty
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Research Highlight |
Novel approach for universal adoptive cell transfer therapy with improved outcome
- Lisa Hutchinson
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News & Views |
Tumor-infiltrating T cells—ready for prime time in melanoma?
Data from three phase II trials of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes demonstrate high and durable complete response rates in patients with stage IV melanoma. Improved clinical outcomes might be achieved by combining tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with other novel immunotherapeutic agents.
- Jason Chesney
- & Kelly M. McMasters
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Review Article |
Immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer
The exclusive expression of well-defined antigens renders prostate cancer an attractive target for immunotherapy. Di Lorenzoet al. review clinical results of immunotherapy trials in patients with prostate cancer and discuss methodological issues related to the evaluation of treatment efficacy of immunotherapeutic agents.
- Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- , Carlo Buonerba
- & Philip W. Kantoff
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News & Views |
Rituximab for follicular lymphoma: maintaining an open mind
New data from the Primary Rituximab And Maintenance study provide the strongest support for the use of rituximab maintenance in patients with follicular lymphoma. However, further considerations of cost, inconvenience, toxic effects, efficacy of retreatment, and lack of survival benefit should focus future clinical research on more-effective induction strategies.
- Bruce D. Cheson
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Review Article |
Immune parameters affecting the efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimens
In this Review, Zitvogel and colleagues discuss the impact of immune parameters on the efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimens. They suggest that immune-relevant biomarkers may guide personalized therapeutic interventions including compensatory measures to restore or improve anticancer immune responses.
- Laurence Zitvogel
- , Oliver Kepp
- & Guido Kroemer
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Case Study |
Complete molecular response in CML after p210 BCR–ABL1-derived peptide vaccination
A 63-year-old woman with chronic myeloid leukemia who achieved a complete cytogenic response after 6 years of interferon-alpha went on to lose molecular response 2 years after treatment cessation. In this Case Study, Monica Bocchia and colleagues demonstrate the positive outcome in this patient following treatment with a therapeutic vaccine that consists of the p210 BCR–ABL1-derived peptide. The patient has maintained a complete molecular response for over 39 months.
- Monica Bocchia
- , Marzia Defina
- & Francesco Lauria
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Review Article |
Chemoimmunotherapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia has long been regarded as an incurable disease of the elderly. Consolidation strategies using non-cross resistant agents have improved the success rates of patients with residual disease at the end of induction treatment. This Review discusses chemoimmunotherapy regimens that contain purine analogs and rituximab and considers new developments in induction and consolidation strategies that are leading the path towards cure.
- Constantine S. Tam
- & Michael J. Keating
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Research Highlight |
Significant overall survival advantage for RCC patients treated with autologous tumor lysate vaccine
- Lisa Hutchinson
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Adoptive cell therapy simplified
Response in follicular lymphoma can be assessed using PET
Harmonizing the immune response with a cancer vaccine
Programming cancer cell death
A promising vaccine for glioblastoma multiforme
Panitumumab improves PFS in mCRC with wild-type KRAS
Alphavirus vector induces immune response in advanced cancers
Conventional chemotherapy boosts the effect of cancer vaccines
Robust responses to intraperitoneal IL-2 in ovarian cancer
Promising new agent for B-cell lymphoma
EGFRvIII vaccine is safe in GBM