(a) Sperm genotyping. By diluting sperm to the level of single cells, whole-genome amplification will yield products from single haploid cells. These single-sperm amplicons can then be genotyped by a variety of PCR-based methods, allowing one to score recombination rates between each pair of SNPs by directly counting recombinants. (b) Population recombination rate can be estimated indirectly from the pattern of LD derived from genotypes of diploid individuals. Statistical methods infer estimates of 4Nr that are most compatible with the data.
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Deletions and duplications of single-base pairs typically arise during homologous recombination and cause diseases. But what happens when a mutation occurs over multiple genes?
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