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A schematic diagram to reveal the effects from various initial molar ratios of [AN]:[APS]:[HCl] on the polymerization of aniline (AN) is proposed with [APS]/[AN]=0.23 at [AN]=0.27 M. For [AN]=[HCl], the initial solution has a richness of neutral ANs. The as-obtained samples have features of phenazine-like oligomers. For [AN]<[HCl], neutral ANs are almost protonated to become anilinium cations. The as-obtained samples possess features of polyaniline. Finally, the formation mechanisms for polymerization of AN into various forms of nanostructures were discussed.
Poly(2-chloroethyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) can exhibit thermoreversible phase behavior of lower critical solution temperature in n-butyl acetate at mild temperatures below boiling point of solvent. Cloud point of polymer solution can be tuned in a wide range of temperature conveniently. Effect of polymer concentration and addition of cosolvent on cloud point of polymer solution was investigated and the lower critical solution temperature-type phase behavior of polymer solution was analyzed in lattice theory.
Polyaniline (PANI)-doped benzene sulfonic acid (BSA) with moderate conductivity and high-dielectric properties affects the characteristics of its composites when its loading was below 15%. In addition, heating rate and curing temperature influenced the electrical properties of PANI, which affect composite properties as it was cured without catalyst. Moreover, dielectric, electromagnetic, thermomechanical behaviors and curing parameters were also affected by increasing PANI in matrix.
Microdomain structure of polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) during mechanical deformation was investigated using simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)/wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements. In the SAXS profile for the PUEs, a four-point pattern or a meridional scattering was observed during the deformation process depending on curing temperatures. The relationship between the initial microdmain structure and deformation behavior was discussed in detail.
The larger number of polymer particles in the CTAB run causes the difference in Rpmax's. n̄ is close to 0.5 for CTAB and to 1.0 for CPB. This can also be attributed to the compartmentalization of reaction loci for CTAB while the gel effect governs the polymerization with CPB.
We have reported the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based room temperature ionic liquid. The connection of ion pairs to POSS improved the thermal stability and decreased the melting temperatures of the ion pairs. Herein, to understand the mechanism of these changes, we executed comparison study on thermal properties of POSS derivatives with variable numbers of ion pairs. We illustrated that the isolation of ion pairs caused by the cubic framework should be necessary to express the characteristic changes in thermal properties of ion pairs connected to POSS.
An efficient procedure able to give polyethene–graft–polystyrene copolymers obtainable by simple thermal treatment at 200 °C of a polyethene-containing cyclopropane ring units in the presence of a high excess of styrene is reported. The high treatment temperature likely induces the breaking of the constrained cyclopropane rings leading to the formation of radicals on the polyethene chains. The presence of styrene during the thermal treatment allows the formation of side polymer chains on the starting materials and, consequently, of graft copolymers. The graft copolymers obtained resulted to be efficient compatibilizers.
Various fluorescently labeled copolymers of 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC) and alkyl methacrylates, such as n-hexyl methacrylate (HMA), n-dodecyl methacrylate (DMA) and stearyl methacrylate (SMA), were synthesized and their localization in HeLa cells was examined. Results showed that the behaviors of the copolymers were varied by the alkylmethacrylate species. Poly(HMA-co-MPC) was non-cytotoxic, entered the cells and localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. On the other hand, poly(DMA-co-MPC) was cytotoxic and poly(SMA-co-MPC) hardly entered the cells. The anticipated mechanism of delivery is also reported in this article.
This article describes a new polymer, which is photosensitive and can be used for cell culture. Consequently, the tissue cultured on this polymer can be etched through a mask using ultraviolet A to produce patterned regions with different types of cells.
Aromatic-ring-layered polymers were synthesized by Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling reaction using xanthene as a scaffold. The polymers were characterized by various spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The polymers emit brightly without excimer formation, despite the layered structure.
A biomass-based thermoplastic with ingredients derived from non-food plant resources with stable supply was produced by bonding cellulose diacetate (CDA) with cardanol, a primary component of cashew nutshells. Esterification of the modified cardanol (cardanoxy acetic acid chloride) and CDA resulted in a thermoplastic with high water resistance, great tenacity and high heat resistance. These properties were as a result of the combination of cardanol, which is flexible and hydrophobic, and CDA, which is rigid and resistant to heat deformation.
