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During protein synthesis, the growing nascent polypeptide chain acts as a positive or negative regulator of the rate of peptide-bond formation and ribosomal fidelity, and influences the efficiency of downstream protein-folding and targeting events. At a recent international meeting held on the banks of Lake Kawaguchi in Japan, scientists and students investigating diverse aspects of nascent-chain biology met to discuss their latest findings in the scenic presence of Mount Fuji.