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α-synuclein amyloid fibrils are associated with Parkinson's disease. SSNMR analyses now reveal the atomic structure of a pathogenic human α-synuclein fibril, providing a framework for understanding fibril nucleation, propagation and interactions with small molecules.
Structural and functional analyses of a new family of tick-derived C5 inhibitors in complex with inhibitor OmCI and therapeutic antibody eculizumab reveal diverse mechanisms for inhibition and provide insight into C5 activation by C5 convertases.
Ensemble kinetics and FRET analyses reveal the sequence of collective motions on the E. coli ribosome during translocation promoted by EF-G and allow identification of a new early forward swiveling of the SSU head.
The crystal structure of Drosophila melanogaster YL1 in complex with an H2A.Z–H2B dimer exposes a selective recognition mechanism distinct from those of other H2A.Z chaperones and suggests a hierarchical transfer mechanism mediating H2A.Z deposition.
Cancer-associated point mutations in the scaffold protein Axin derail Wnt signaling and promote tumor growth through formation of nonamyloid nanoaggregates that rewire the Axin interactome.
The crystal structure of human YL1, here established as an H2A.Z-deposition chaperone, in complex with an H2A.Z–H2B dimer reveals the molecular basis for the specificity of H2A.Z recognition.
New evidence that human telomerase RNA (hTR) degradation by EXOSC10 or DCP2 and XRN1 reduces telomerase activity when dyskerin is compromised suggests that RNA decay pathways may provide future therapeutic targets for telomere biology disorders.
Human orexin receptors (hOX1R and hOX2R) are GPCRs involved in sleep regulation. Structures of hOX1R bound to a selective antagonist or to a dual antagonist, functional assays and computational analyses reveal the basis for subtype selectivity.
USP7 deubiquitinase is now shown to prevent ubiquitination of SUMO chains of replisome proteins, thereby regulating DNA replication-fork progression and origin firing.
Structural and cellular analyses reveal that the presence of an isoform-specific α-helix in myosin VI determines whether this motor protein functions in endocytosis or cell migration.
NMR approaches are used to probe cotranslational folding of a nascent polypeptide with two domains in Escherichia coli. The work reveals that interactions with the ribosome inhibit acquisition of the native fold by the nascent chain.
Monitoring ribosomal translocation from five structural perspectives with pre–steady state smFRET defines intramolecular conformational events within the EF-G–GDP–bound ribosome as rate-determining steps of directional substrate translocation.
The crystal structure of the full five-subunit BAM complex from Escherichia coli reveals the interactions between individual components and domains and provides insights into the biogenesis of β-barrel outer-membrane proteins.
Mapping the spatial distribution of interaction sites between FG nucleoporins and nuclear transport receptors within the native NPC through SPEED microscopy reveals the 3D configuration of the FG-nucleoporin barrier and competition among transport receptors.
In addition to controlling Pol II pausing at promoters, the small nuclear RNA 7SK inhibits transcription at enhancers and super enhancers by recruiting the chromatin-remodeling complex BAF
Single-molecule FRET data reveal that CENP-A alters nucleosome structure by facilitating lateral passing of the two DNA gyres; this change is reversed by the nonhistone centromere protein CENP-C.
A 3.7- to 4.8-Å cryo-EM structure of the yeast CMG complex resolves two Mcm2–7 helicase conformations that may drive complex translocation and reveals an Mcm5-subunit domain inserted into the central channel, thus supporting a steric-exclusion model of DNA unwinding.
A combination of evolutionary covariance, biochemistry and SAXS analyses reveal that Escherichia coli FliG exists as a monomer in solution but forms domain-swapped polymers in assembled flagellar motors, thus leading to a thermodynamic model for self-assembly.
Complementary biochemical and genetic analyses reveal that SUMOylation of the six subunits of the MCM2–7 DNA helicase inhibits CMG formation, thereby negatively regulating DNA replication initiation in budding yeast.
‘Repeat swap’ modeling of the outward-facing conformation and biochemical analyses show that the bacterial VcINDY symporter uses an elevator-type mechanism for substrate transport across the cell membrane.