Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Choi et al. show that in mice with melanoma, immune checkpoint blockade therapy increases the translocation of live intestinal bacteria to extraintestinal sites through dendritic cell activation and lymph node remodelling.
The immune system in individuals with Down syndrome is characterized by steady state increases in cytokine expression, T cell activation, atypical B cell responses and the presence of numerous autoantibodies.
A preprint by Sikder et al. identifies a role for the maternal milk microbiota in conferring resistance to severe lower respiratory infections in offspring by promoting the development of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
A preprint by Le Coz et al. identifies that human T follicular regulatory cells with differences in T cell suppressive and B cell helper capacities can be derived from the regulatory T cell lineage or the T follicular helper cell lineage.
Although the aryl hydrocarbon receptor has an essential role in supporting homeostasis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, its activation must be regulated to prevent oxidative stress and death of these cells.
A preprint by Lozano-Rabella et al. uses a proteogenomics approach to identify an underappreciated class of non-canonical tumour ligands shared across tumours.
A preprint by Daniels et al. reports a sex-specific role for the microglial protein CST7 in the regulation of phagocytosis and inflammatory signalling.
A preprint by Beltra et al. describes a role for STAT5A in the development of an intermediate-exhausted ‘effector-like’ phenotype of exhausted T cells.
In breast cancer, an effective response to therapy with immune checkpoint blockade depends on T cell–eosinophil collaboration: CD4+ T cells produce IL-5 to mobilize eosinophils, which in turn help to activate antitumour CD8+ T cell responses.
The successful mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 contain polyethylene glycol (PEG) to stabilize the lipid nanoparticles. Recent data show that PEG-specific antibodies can be induced or boosted by mRNA vaccination. Further research is needed to study the potential links between PEG-specific antibodies, vaccine reactogenicity and enhanced clearance of other PEG-containing medicines.