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Recent evidence of transmission of avian H5N1 viruses among mammals raises concerns about their pandemic potential. We need to increase our awareness and preparedness, and should also be thinking about safe farming practices to prevent the emergence of concerning pathogens in the future.
Choi et al. show that in mice with melanoma, immune checkpoint blockade therapy increases the translocation of live intestinal bacteria to extraintestinal sites through dendritic cell activation and lymph node remodelling.
The immune system in individuals with Down syndrome is characterized by steady state increases in cytokine expression, T cell activation, atypical B cell responses and the presence of numerous autoantibodies.
A preprint by Sikder et al. identifies a role for the maternal milk microbiota in conferring resistance to severe lower respiratory infections in offspring by promoting the development of plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
A preprint by Le Coz et al. identifies that human T follicular regulatory cells with differences in T cell suppressive and B cell helper capacities can be derived from the regulatory T cell lineage or the T follicular helper cell lineage.
Although the aryl hydrocarbon receptor has an essential role in supporting homeostasis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, its activation must be regulated to prevent oxidative stress and death of these cells.
A preprint by Lozano-Rabella et al. uses a proteogenomics approach to identify an underappreciated class of non-canonical tumour ligands shared across tumours.