Research Highlights in 2011

T_Regcells expressing CXCR5 and BCL-6 regulate germinal centre responses.

AT-rich DNA induces the expression of type I IFNs through an unknown cytoplasmic DNA sensor.

Prion-like MAVS aggregates trigger the antiviral immune response.

T cell-independent function of TSLP in the resolution of colitis.

TSC1 maintains naive T cell quiescence through inhibition of mTORC1 activity.

Peripheral T_H17 cells can acquire regulatory functions in the small intestine.

B cells help protect against sepsis-induced lethality.

SHP is a negative regulator of TLR signalling pathways.

A HIF1α-dependent metabolic switch influences the balance between T_H17 and induced T_Regcell differentiation.

Induced CD4⁺ T_Reg cells are essential for tolerance even in the presence of natural T_Regcells.

Early infection withH. pylori prevents asthma in a T_Regcell-dependent manner.

Lysosomes promote inflammation by degrading cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors.

Backtracking neutrophils can promote dissemination of inflammatory responses.

IVIG-mediated immunosuppression occurs through IL-33-induced expansion of IL-4-secreting basophil populations.

A helicase–TRIF complex functions as a 'first responder' to viral dsRNA that triggers initial interferon production.

FOXP3⁺macrophages have suppressive functions and promote tumour growth.

Increased numbers and suppressive activity of MDSCs during pregnancy results in reduced NK cell cytotoxicity and increased tumour dissemination.

Proliferation of tissue-resident macrophages, rather than recruitment of blood macrophages, marks helminth infection.