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Exhausted T cells display a phenotype characterized by progressive loss of function, and they can develop following exposure to persistent antigen and/or inflammatory signals during chronic viral infections or cancer. The authors describe the molecular mechanisms of T cell exhaustion and how the exhausted phenotype is different from other dysfunctional states of T cells.
Mammalian hosts have evolved a range of mechanisms that limit the ability of microorganisms to obtain iron and therefore to survive. Here, the authors describe the role of iron in infection and how iron homeostasis is altered as a consequence of nutritional immunity.
This Review details our current understanding of the biology of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). The authors describe the mechanisms controlling the development and functions of pDCs and discuss their roles in infection, inflammatory disease and cancer.
Eicosanoids are bioactive signalling lipids that regulate numerous homeostatic and inflammatory processes. Here, the authors review our current understanding of cellular eicosanoid metabolism and the physiological functions of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving eicosanoids in infection and inflammation.
InvasiveSalmonelladisease is severe and represents a major public health problem worldwide. In this Review, the authors summarize our current understanding of host immunity to Salmonella and compare host genetic data from human and mouse studies.