Research Highlights in 2017

The identification of a regulatory innate lymphoid cell subset in the intestine.

Endogenous proteasome activity can modulate the fate and function of CD8⁺T cells.

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors promote tumour regression by increasing antigen presentation and decreasing immune regulation.

Cytosolic chromatin activates cGAS and inflammatory gene expression following DNA damage.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV can be rapidly generated by immunizing cows.

A distinct subset of natural killer cells with a myeloid signature is associated with metainflammation.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress in Paneth cells induces secretory autophagy of lysozyme.

A candidate ocular commensal organism isolated from mice drives ocular immune responses and protects against infection with pathogens.

Two groups have shown that personalized, neoantigen-based tumour vaccines elicit effective T cell responses in patients with advanced melanoma, leading to favourable clinical outcomes. Combination with checkpoint blockade can be of additional benefit.

Obesity associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with pro-fibrotic type 2 immune responses

Intracellular and secreted isoforms of osteopontin differentially regulate myeloid progenitors and differentiated lymphoid cells, respectively, through pro- and anti-apoptotic effects.

Fetal dendritic cells suppress pro-inflammatory T cell activity.

Lambda interferons have a non-redundant role in protecting airway epithelial cells from influenza A virus infection without inducing immunopathology.

Regulatory T cells modulate the hair follicle regeneration cycle by inducing stem cell proliferation and differentiation.

Ephrin B1 controls T follicular helper cell residence and function in germinal centres.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate promotes naive T cell survival by supporting their mitochondrial function.

T-bet⁺ regulatory T cells form a stable subset with specific suppressive activity towards T-bet⁺effector T cells.

Anti-LAP antibodies show promising anticancer properties.

Rhinovirus infections exacerbate asthma by inducing the release of neutrophil extracellular traps.

The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 involve mTORC1-regulated metabolic and autophagic pathways in macrophages.