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Joseph Tabernero and colleagues have carried out a 'first-in-man' Phase I trial of two small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to treat patients with refractory metastatic disease that involves the liver.
Two groups have found that mutations inNT5C2(which encodes the enzyme cytosolic purine 5′-nucleotidase) are selected for in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and may contribute to resistance to two commonly used chemotherapeutics.
There have been substantial advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer, which have provided insights into genetic and epigenetic alterations in this cancer and into PI3K and MAPK signalling, for example. This Review discusses these findings and the implications for novel treatment of thyroid cancer.
Malignant ascites presents a considerable clinical challenge to the management of ovarian cancer. This Opinion article discusses recent advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology, the development of new methods to characterize its molecular features and how these findings can be used to improve the treatment of malignant ascites.
Expression of luciferase at the locus encoding the senescence-promoter and tumour suppressor INK4A allows for robust, non-invasive detection of early tumorigenesis in mouse models.
BAP1 is a deubiquitylase that is associated with multiprotein complexes that regulate key cellular pathways. Recent findings have indicated that germlineBAP1mutations might cause a novel cancer syndrome. Michele Carbone and colleagues discuss the evidence for this.
This Review discusses how genetic lineage tracing can be used to quantify the behaviour of normal, preneoplastic and tumour cells in epithelia in transgenic mice. It also discusses some of the limitations of lineage tracing in mouse models of cancer.
Cyclins control the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases, which drive cell cycle progression. The expression of cyclins can be disrupted in cancer cells, and this Opinion article discusses the possibility that altered subcellular localization of cyclins may also affect cell cycle progression and genomic stability.
Drosophila melanogasterhas often provided the first glimpse into the mechanism of action of human cancer-related proteins. In addition,D. melanogasterstrains engineered to recapitulate key aspects of specific types of human cancer are providing us with further insights into malignancy, and serving as platforms for drug discovery.
Bruce Clurman and colleagues have found that FBXW7, a subunit of the SCF ubiquitin ligase, interacts with components of the Mediator complex and so it might be involved in regulating gene transcription.
Survival of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells depends on the activation of protein kinase C βII and nuclear factor-κB signalling in stromal cells, and this pathway is a potential therapeutic target for this and other haematological malignancies.
Although we understand various aspects of prostate cancer biology, few reliable risk factors are known. This Opinion article rationalizes why exposures early in life may be key for prostate cancer risk, summarizes our current limited understanding of early-life exposures and provides visions for the future.
Jeffrey Wrana and colleagues find that exosomes from cancer-associated fibroblasts activate WNT–planar cell polarity signalling in recipient breast tumour cells, which promotes motility and metastasis.
