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The domestic laying hen is the only non-human animal that spontaneously develops ovarian cancer with a high prevalence. This Opinion article discusses how the hen may be used as a potential model of human ovarian cancer, and the advantages and disadvantages of this system.
A screen has prospectively identified a resistance mutation in the androgen receptor (AR) that is selected for during treatment with the AR antagonist enzalutamide, andin silicomodelling has suggested a mechanism behind the resistance, which may be able to be overcome using a novel compound.
Allosteric disulphide bonds regulate the function of the mature proteins in which they reside. This Opinion article discusses the progress in our ability to identify and disrupt allosteric disulphide bonds and the potential therapeutic value of targeting these bonds in cancer.
Two papers published inScience Translational Medicinediscuss the development of prognostic models for breast cancer, based on the 'wisdom of the crowds' challenge environment.
Aberrant expression and activity of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. Recent deep sequencing studies have shown that nearly 20% of human tumours harbour mutations in GPCRs. This Analysis article reviews these findings and the indications that G proteins, GPCRs and their signalling pathways represent novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
A paper published inCancer Discovery shows that H3 G34R or G34V mutations result in the altered binding of proteins that recognize trimethylated H3K36. This results in a gene expression signature that is more commonly seen in the developing forebrain and that is associated with increased MYCNtranscription.
Phase I clinical trial data presented at the 2013 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) meeting support the use of combination immunotherapy involving a personalized dendritic cell vaccine and adoptive T cell transfer in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
The incidence of most cancers increases with age, and there are various ageing-associated changes that might contribute to increased tumorigenesis, and paradoxically, to decreased tumorigenesis. Lessons may be learned from diseases conferring premature ageing or longevity, and this Opinion article discusses our current understanding of the connections between ageing and cancer.
The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) ligands have important functions in cancer. However, it is now becoming apparent that many of the other TGFβ superfamily members (bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins, NODAL, and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs)) have crucial roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis; these are the focus of this Review.
Increasing evidence indicates that components of the RNA polymerase complexes are altered in cancer. This Review discusses how all three classes of human RNA polymerase activity are dysregulated in cancer and the opportunities to therapeutically target RNA polymerase activity.
The regulation of iron metabolism is altered in tumour cells. Changes in iron regulation enhance iron influx and retention. This leads to altered cellular processes that foster cancer growth and metastasis, and provides an opportunity for the development of therapeutics that target iron availability.
Eric Snyder, Tyler Jacks and colleagues have shown the transcription factor NKX2-1 promotes a pulmonary cell fate and that this suppresses a latent gastrointestinal differentiation programme, which might explain why lung adenocarcinomas lacking NKX2-1 can adopt a glandular and mucinous phenotype.
