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This article reviews the underlying physical principles of radiation nanofocusing in metallic nanostructures, and the recent progress, future directions and potential applications of this subfield of nano-optics.
Hyperbolic, or indefinite, metamaterials are reviewed. These anisotropic materials may exhibit properties such as strong enhancement of spontaneous emission, diverging density of states, negative refraction and superlensing.
High-power fibre lasers are in demand for industrial, defence and scientific applications. This review provides an overview of the present state of the art in the field and discusses present challenges and the future outlook.
Ultrafast fibre lasers are an important optical system with industrial, medical and purely scientific applications. Essential components and the operation regimes of ultrafast fibre laser systems are reviewed, as are their use in various applications.
Laser-driven plasma accelerators have the potential to replace existing particle accelerators, as they are highly efficient systems that are orders of magnitude smaller than conventional particle accelerators. This review discusses recent progress and future challenges in this area.
Recent progress on terahertz-emission devices based on the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ is reviewed. The emission mechanism is explained as a result of collective resonant modes in a stack of intrinsic Josephson junctions. Remarkable features of the linewidth, tunability, the optimum bias condition and the thermal influence are discussed.
This article provides an overview and illustrative examples of how the electric and magnetic fields of intense terahertz transients can be used to resonantly, and even nonresonantly, control matter and light. It discusses the fundamental interaction mechanisms of intense terahertz radiation with matter.
This article reviews state-of-the-art engineering of the spectral and spatial emission properties of terahertz quantum cascade lasers by focusing on three key factors: photonic structures for extracting and confining light in a cavity, an upconversion technique based on nonlinear intracavity mixing and a frequency stabilisation technique based on femtosecond-laser combs.
This article reviews recent progress in the use of silicon nitride and Hydex as non-silicon-based CMOS-compatible platforms for nonlinear optics. New capabilities such as on-chip optical frequency comb generation, ultrafast optical pulse generation and measurement using these materials, and their potential future impact and challenges are covered.
This Review summarizes the simultaneous transmission of several independent spatial channels of light along optical fibres to expand the data-carrying capacity of optical communications. Recent results achieved in both multicore and multimode optical fibres are documented.
While historically considered as a great nuisance, disordered structures which scatter light are now yielding a wealth of applications in photonics, such as the creation of random lasers, the study of Anderson localization or the design of broadband reflection coatings. This Review artilce summarizes the opportunities explored to date.
The Anderson localization of light within disordered media has become a topic of great interest in recent years. Here the characterization of the effect and its related phenomena are reviewed, with a discussion on the role that nonlinearity and quantum correlated photons can play.
The optical characteristics and applications of the quasicrystal, a special form of aperiodic engineered structure, are explored in this Review article.
The ability to dynamically image features deep within living organisms, permitting real-time analysis of cellular structure and function, is important for biological science. This Review article discusses multiphoton microscopy capable of such analysis, along with technologies that are pushing the limits of phenomena that can be quantitatively imaged.
It's challenging to measure non-repetitive events in real time in the field of instrumentation and measurement. Dispersive Fourier transformation is an emerging method that permits capture of rare events, such as optical rogue waves and rare cancer cells in blood. This Review article covers the principle of dispersive Fourier transformation and its implementation in diverse applications.
