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Using a soft-lithography method that enables single-cell analysis of Halobacteriumsalinarum, this study shows that archaeal cells achieve homogeneity in cell size by growing a constant size between two cell cycle events (that is, the adder model).
Zika virus infection of astrocytes in Ifnar–/– mice results in breakdown of the blood–brain barrier and CD8+ effector T-cell infiltration, which limits neuron infection but leads to Zika-virus-associated paralysis.
Metagenome and genome database analysis based on proteinfamily profiles identifies a diverse group of bacteriophage related to the abundant human gut crAssphage and predicts replication and transcription gene function.
As certain phages can infect some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains by binding to their pilins, the bacteria have evolved ways to modify these structures via the addition of O-antigen units or polymers of d-arabinofuranose to block phage attachment.
The cell tropism of noroviruses in vivo remains unclear. Here, the dominant cellular targets during acute norovirus infection of immunocompetent mice are shown to be macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells and T cells in the GALT gut-associated lymphoid tissue.
To evade autophagy-mediated killing when inside liver cells, the Plasmodium berghei protein UIS3 binds to a key regulator of the autophagy programme, the host protein LC3, and inhibits its interaction with downstream effectors.
At late stages of biofilm development, Escherichia coli cells express the curli polymer CsgA. CsgA assembles into a fibre network that protects biofilms from attack by lytic phages.
Using transcriptome data from marine subsurface sediments, expressed microbial enzymes are shown to be potential targets for secretion by Bacteria, Archaea and Fungi, providing insights into nutrient cycling in the subsurface environment.
The crystal structure of MlaA, coupled with simulations of its interaction with phospholipids, elucidates how this outer membrane lipoprotein acts as a phospholipid translocation channel to maintain the asymmetric composition of the outer membrane.
The main targets of Zika virus infection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are monocytes, particularly CD14+CD16+ monocytes, which are expanded in Zika patients and in in vitro-infected samples.
In situ sampling reveals that members of the SAR11 clade show significantly lower retention by mucous filter feeders, and that this is probably due to their reduced hydrophobic cell surface, suggesting that cell surface properties are important factors in predator–prey interactions.
The structure of the extended sheath–tube complex of the type VI secretion system from Vibrio cholerae elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which conformational changes in the sheath enable the inner tube to penetrate target cells.The structure of the extended sheath–tube complex of the type VI secretion system from Vibrio cholerae elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which conformational changes in the sheath enable the inner tube to penetrate target cells.
Infection of the alga Emiliania huxleyi with its virus EhV results in the increased release of extracellular vesicles that impact viral decay and infection, suggesting that EhV exploits these extracellular vesicles for efficient viral infection during algal blooms.
Recombinant proteins based on APOL1 and APOL3 can kill pathogenic Trypanosoma brucei subspecies, including a variant (rPpMUT) that is effective against T.b. gambiense infection in mice, suggesting that it may serve as a therapy against sleeping sickness.
LysM, the lysis protein of the Escherichia coli levivirus M, represents a new ‘protein antibiotic’ that interferes with the synthesis of peptidoglycan by inhibiting lipid II flipping.
Quorum-sensing-mediated interactions between Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei promote the differentiation of T. brucei into transmissible ‘stumpy forms’, suggesting that cross-species interactions during co-infections modulate disease dynamics.