Volume 3 Issue 5, May 2021

In every breath, humans take in particles that may be deposited on the respiratory tract and exhale particles that may contain pathogens. Lidia Morawska and Giorgio Buonanno explain how physics advances are needed to understand these processes.

For almost 50 years the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database has been the standard archive for transmission and radiance calculations. Laurence Rothman reviews its history and some applications.

Johann Brehmer explains how simulation-based inference is used in particle physics and how tools such as the open-source Python library MadMiner can enhance the capabilities of data analysis.

Zengji Yue explains how to use ionic gating for ion intercalation in layered materials.

10 years since the completion of the IceCube neutrino detector, it has made a number of exciting discoveries, including the recent observation of W boson decay, a process known as the Glashow resonance.

In May 2011, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) arrived on the International Space Station. Despite the difficulties of running a particle physics experiment in space, AMS-02 has produced exciting results related to dark matter and cosmic rays.

Low-energy neutrons are key for understanding fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics and physics beyond the standard model. This Review addresses topics such as matter-wave interferometry, quantum mechanical relations and hypothetical dark sector models and interactions.

Spin currents, which are generated by chiral structures, can be used to manipulate chiral topological magnetic excitations. This Review brings together advances in chiral molecules, chiral magnetic structures and chiral topological matter to provide an outlook towards potential applications.

In the past few years, gravitational-wave observations provided stunning insights into some of the most cataclysmic events in the Universe, heralding a bright future for gravitational-wave physics and astronomy. This is a Roadmap for the field in the coming two decades.

Experiments suggest that graphene systems with moiré potentials exhibit orbital magnetism. This Perspective discusses the experimental evidence and introduces theoretical perspectives on the phenomena.