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Hippocampal subfield volumes in mood disorders

Molecular Psychiatry volume 22, pages 1352–1358 (2017)Cite this article

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Abstract

Volume reduction and shape abnormality of the hippocampus have been associated with mood disorders. However, the hippocampus is not a uniform structure and consists of several subfields, such as the cornu ammonis (CA) subfields CA1–4, the dentate gyrus (DG) including a granule cell layer (GCL) and a molecular layer (ML) that continuously crosses adjacent subiculum (Sub) and CA fields. It is known that cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with mood disorders may be localized to specific hippocampal subfields. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the link between the in vivo hippocampal subfield volumes and specific mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present study, we used a state-of-the-art hippocampal segmentation approach, and we found that patients with BD had reduced volumes of hippocampal subfields, specifically in the left CA4, GCL, ML and both sides of the hippocampal tail, compared with healthy subjects and patients with MDD. The volume reduction was especially severe in patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I). We also demonstrated that hippocampal subfield volume reduction was associated with the progression of the illness. For patients with BD-I, the volumes of the right CA1, ML and Sub decreased as the illness duration increased, and the volumes of both sides of the CA2/3, CA4 and hippocampal tail had negative correlations with the number of manic episodes. These results indicated that among the mood disorders the hippocampal subfields were more affected in BD-I compared with BD-II and MDD, and manic episodes had focused progressive effect on the CA2/3 and CA4 and hippocampal tail.

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Acknowledgements

Supported in part by NIMH grant R01 085667, the Dunn Research Foundation and the Pat Rutherford, Jr. Endowed Chair in Psychiatry (Jair C Soares).

Author contributions

Dr Cao designed the study, processed, quality-controlled and analyzed the data, drafted the manuscript, and critically edited the draft of the manuscript. Dr Passos was involved in designing the study, drafted the manuscript, and critically edited the draft of the manuscript. Dr Mwangi was involved in designing the study, processed the data, and critically edited the draft of the manuscript. Dr Amaral-Silva implemented the pipeline of quality control and independently finished the quality control of the hippocampal subfield segmentation. Ms. Tannous independently did the quality control of the hippocampal subfield segmentation. Dr Wu partly processed the data and critically edited the draft of the manuscript. Dr Zunta-Soares coordinated the subject enrollment and data collection. Dr Soares supervised the study, provided financial and instrumental support, collected the data, and critically edited the draft of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    B Cao, B Mwangi, H Amaral-Silva, J Tannous, M-J Wu, G B Zunta-Soares & J C Soares

  2. Graduation Program in Psychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    I C Passos

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Correspondence to B Cao.

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Dr Soares has received grants/research support from BMS, Forrest, J&J, Merck, Stanley Medical Research Institute, NIH and has been a speaker for Pfizer and Abbott. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Cao, B., Passos, I., Mwangi, B. et al. Hippocampal subfield volumes in mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 22, 1352–1358 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.262

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