Table 1 - Secondary forms of achalasia
From the following article
A patient with dysphagia to solids and liquids
Ikuo Hirano
GI Motility online (2006)
doi:10.1038/gimo80
Achalasia |
Allgrove's syndrome (AAA syndrome) |
Hereditary cerebellar ataxia |
Familial achalasia |
Sjögren's syndrome |
Sarcoidosis |
Postvagotomy |
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II |
Achalasia with generalized motility disorder |
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) IIb (Sipple's syndrome) |
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) |
Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) |
Paraneoplastic syndrome (anti-Hu antibody) |
Parkinson's disease |
Amyloidosis |
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis |
Fabry's disease |
Down syndrome |
Hereditary cerebellar ataxia |
Achalasia with associated Hirschsprung's disease |
Hereditary hollow visceral myopathy |
Achalasia secondary to cancer (pseudoachalasia) |
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus |
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus |
Gastric adenocarcinoma |
Lung carcinoma |
Leiomyoma |
Lymphoma |
Breast adenocarcinoma |
Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Reticulum cell sarcoma |
Lymphangioma |
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma |
Mesothelioma |
Metastatic prostate carcinoma |
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma |