Figure 3 - Radiographic and endoscopic studies from an 18-year-old woman with a longstanding history of dysphagia that began in early childhood.

a: Barium esophagram showing a small caliber esophagus. b: Endoscopic view of pale mucosa with absent vascular pattern and linear furrows in proximal esophagus. c: Endosonographic image (20 MHz catheter probe) showing thick-walled esophagus with prominent mucosa/submucosa layer and narrow lumen. (Source: Endoscopic ultrasound courtesy of Victor Fox, M.D., Boston. Figure adapted from Fox et al.,³ with permission from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.)