GI Motility Online

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From the following article

Laryngeal and pharyngeal complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gregory N. Postma and Stacey L. Halum

GI Motility online (2006)

doi:10.1038/gimo46

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Figure 1

Laryngeal granulomas in a patient with numerous episodes of pharyngeal acid exposure and no history of intubation.

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Figure 2

Infraglottic edema: a finding highly sensitive but not specific for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).

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Figure 3

a: Ventricular obliteration is secondary to edema of the true vocal folds and false vocal cords.

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Figure 4

Intraoperative photo of polypoid degenerations of the true vocal folds (Reinke's edema).

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Figure 5

An extraordinary degree of diffuse laryngeal edema is seen in an individual with more than 80 episodes of LPR on pH testing.

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Figure 6

Chronic laryngitis in a patient following radiation therapy for glottic carcinoma.

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Figure 7

a: Histoplasmosis mimicking a squamous cell carcinoma.

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Figure 8

Crusting granulation tissue seen in the larynx and subglottis of a patient with Wegener's granulomatosis.

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Figure 9

A patient with subglottic stenosis with no history of intubation of trauma.

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Figure 10

A nonsmoker with severe pH probe documented LPR and squamous cell carcinoma on both true vocal folds.

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Figure 11

Intraoperative image of a laparoscopic fundoplication.

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Table 1

pH probe criteria for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease

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Table 2

The reflux symptom index (RSI): a score greater than 5 in the proper clinical situation is strongly suggestive of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)

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Table 3

The reflux finding score (RFS): a score greater than 11 in the proper clinical situation is strongly suggestive of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)

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Video 1

Left vocal process granuloma, which responded well to antireflux therapy and speech therapy.

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