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Within- and between-individual variability in estimated energy expenditure and habitual physical activity among young adults

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 60, pages 538–544 (2006)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective:

To examine the within- and between-individual variability in the estimated total energy expenditure (TEE) and habitual physical activity (PA) in free-living young adults. We were specifically interested in the day-to-day variation.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

University.

Subjects:

A total of 277 (125 males, 152 females) participants aged 18–24 years.

Interventions:

None.

Main outcome measures:

Subjects recorded their daily PA with the Bouchard 3-day diary. Descriptive statistics for TEE, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), inactivity (IA), and activity energy expenditure (AEE) were calculated and presented as a frequency distribution. Within- and between-individual variability were tested by RMANOVA and also presented as the coefficient of variation (CV).

Results:

Mean values for TEE, MVPA, AEE, and IA were comparable between males and females; however, considerable between-individual variability existed. Only MVPA showed a significant difference between sexes (P<0.05), due to slightly greater vigorous PA in males compared to females (8.0 and 6.8 kcal/kg/day, respectively; P=0.12). Results from the RMANOVA revealed no significant day-to-day variability in any TEE or PA variable and the CVs were not significantly different between males and females. TEE and IA displayed mean CVs of approximately 12% while mean CVs for AEE and MVPA approximated 32 and 84%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Results from this study suggest (1) a limited day-to-day variability in TEE and (2) a large degree of between-individual variation for TEE and PA exist. This study highlights the importance of understanding the variability associated with TEE, which is important for PA measurement and proper PA and nutritional recommendations.

Sponsorship:

None.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Kristen Garcia, Julie Ryan, and the undergraduate research students who coded activity diaries and entered data as well as Dr Panteleimon Ekkekakis for insightful discussions regarding the biological basis of PA related to brain and behavior.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health and Human Performance, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    E E Wickel & J C Eisenmann

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  1. E E Wickel
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  2. J C Eisenmann
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Correspondence to J C Eisenmann.

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Wickel, E., Eisenmann, J. Within- and between-individual variability in estimated energy expenditure and habitual physical activity among young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 60, 538–544 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602348

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