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Andersen et al. evaluate lymphocyte dynamics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients prior to diagnosis. The authors develop a model to predict risk of requiring CLL treatment or death based on pre-diagnostic lymphocyte growth rates.
Knight et al. assess short-term patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and markers of neurotoxicity in patients with leukaemia or lymphoma treated with LV20.19 CAR T cells. In this small trial cohort, the authors report improvements in mood following CAR T infusion and identify kynurenine pathway molecules as potential markers of mood and neurotoxicity.
Rähni et al profile antibody response in patients with varied response to cancer immunotherapies. They identify antibody epitope responses that predict anti-cancer immunity elicited by immunotherapy.
Strobl et al. develop an agent-based spatial model of drug resistance in tumour cells under adaptive therapy. Using this model, they investigate how the tumour’s spatial architecture impacts intratumoural competitive dynamics of drug-sensitive vs. -resistant clones in response to therapy.
He et al. study the relationship between residential greenspace structures and frailty in a cohort of older adults from China. In their cross-sectional analyses, the authors report that higher levels of greenness are associated with lower levels of frailty, particularly amongst certain subgroups including women and centenarians.
Moosavi Tayebi et al. develop a deep learning-based computational pathology tool for automated bone marrow cytology from whole slide images. Their approach generates a histogram of cell types present within the bone marrow aspirate to aid in diagnostic haematopathology.
Orton and Symons et al. compare respiratory particle sizes and emission rates by sampling exhalates from participants at rest, and while speaking or exercising. They find that vocalisation produces larger particles and that while emission rates are similar between speaking and vigorous exercise, very vigorous exercise leads to higher rates.
Banho, Sacchetto et al. perform a genomic epidemiology study of the introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant in a city in Brazil. They show that Gamma displaced seven other circulating variants, led to a rapid increase in COVID-19 prevalence, and to increased risk of severe disease and mortality, especially in the unvaccinated population.
Titus et al. develop a technological platform for the non-invasive transdermal measurement of cardiac troponin-I, a marker of myocardial injury. Preliminary testing of their device, which works via infrared spectroscopy, indicates that troponin can be detected with reasonable performance, in the absence of a blood draw.
Bae et al. prospectively evaluated smartphone camera-based techniques for measuring heart rate and respiratory rate. They found measurements were accurate across a range of pre-defined subgroups.
Corbin et al. train machine learning models on electronic health record data to predict susceptibility of infections to particular antibiotics (personalized antibiograms). Antibiotic selection driven by personalized antibiograms achieves similar coverage rates to those seen in actual clinical practice using fewer broad spectrum antibiotics.
Serruya et al. test in an N-of-1 trial whether a wearable, powered exoskeletal orthosis, driven by a percutaneous, implanted brain–computer interface can restore voluntary upper extremity function following chronic hemiparesis subsequent to a cerebral subcortical stroke. Using this approach, voluntary opening of the paralyzed hand is restored.
Ertesvåg, Xiao et al. describe a method to evaluate neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, including variants of concern. A second mRNA-vaccine dose results in a broader antibody repertoire in adults, although with reduced cross-reactivity to beta and gamma compared to alpha and delta, particularly in the elderly.
Nakahara, Michikawa et al determined the physical activity and sleep habits of women before and during pregnancy and compared these with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder in their offspring. Abnormal sleep and reduced physical activity during pregnancy were associated with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.
Snitz et al. develop a web-based olfactory screening tool for COVID-19, which relies on users smelling household odorants. Based on data from participants in 134 countries, the authors report that olfactory ratings are indicative of COVID-19 status.
Lustenberger et al. perform a randomized crossover trial of auditory deep sleep stimulation in older adults, conducted over multiple weeks within the participants’ homes. The authors report substantial inter- and intra-individual differences in the slow wave response to auditory stimulation and identify predictors of response.
Hinestrosa et al. describe the early-stage detection of cancer using biomarkers present in circulating extracellular vesicles purified via an alternating current electrokinetics platform. They show, in a case-control study, that 95.7% of pancreatic, 75.0% of ovarian and 43.8% of bladder stage I and II cancers can be detected.
Gepner et al. undertake a prospective observational study using a chest-patch sensor to monitor cardiovascular and hemodynamic vital signs following the BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine. Continuous and significant changes occurred in the vital signs, including in participants who did not report any reactions.
Mendelsohn et al. evaluated in a prospective multicentre validation study whether host-blood transcriptomic tuberculosis (TB) signatures could be used to find active cases of TB. Whilst most of the signatures met WHO Target Product Profile criteria for a triage test to diagnose symptomatic TB; most signatures did not meet the criteria for asymptomatic TB.
Khanolkar et al. compare the immune response in perinatally-infected HIV+ patients with differing patterns of virological control on treatment with antiretroviral therapy. Patients with sub-optimally suppressed HIV displayed no deficits in lymphocyte functional fitness.