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Banho, Sacchetto et al. perform a genomic epidemiology study of the introduction of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant in a city in Brazil. They show that Gamma displaced seven other circulating variants, led to a rapid increase in COVID-19 prevalence, and to increased risk of severe disease and mortality, especially in the unvaccinated population.
Titus et al. develop a technological platform for the non-invasive transdermal measurement of cardiac troponin-I, a marker of myocardial injury. Preliminary testing of their device, which works via infrared spectroscopy, indicates that troponin can be detected with reasonable performance, in the absence of a blood draw.
Bae et al. prospectively evaluated smartphone camera-based techniques for measuring heart rate and respiratory rate. They found measurements were accurate across a range of pre-defined subgroups.
Corbin et al. train machine learning models on electronic health record data to predict susceptibility of infections to particular antibiotics (personalized antibiograms). Antibiotic selection driven by personalized antibiograms achieves similar coverage rates to those seen in actual clinical practice using fewer broad spectrum antibiotics.
Serruya et al. test in an N-of-1 trial whether a wearable, powered exoskeletal orthosis, driven by a percutaneous, implanted brain–computer interface can restore voluntary upper extremity function following chronic hemiparesis subsequent to a cerebral subcortical stroke. Using this approach, voluntary opening of the paralyzed hand is restored.
Ertesvåg, Xiao et al. describe a method to evaluate neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, including variants of concern. A second mRNA-vaccine dose results in a broader antibody repertoire in adults, although with reduced cross-reactivity to beta and gamma compared to alpha and delta, particularly in the elderly.
Nakahara, Michikawa et al determined the physical activity and sleep habits of women before and during pregnancy and compared these with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder in their offspring. Abnormal sleep and reduced physical activity during pregnancy were associated with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.
Snitz et al. develop a web-based olfactory screening tool for COVID-19, which relies on users smelling household odorants. Based on data from participants in 134 countries, the authors report that olfactory ratings are indicative of COVID-19 status.
Lustenberger et al. perform a randomized crossover trial of auditory deep sleep stimulation in older adults, conducted over multiple weeks within the participants’ homes. The authors report substantial inter- and intra-individual differences in the slow wave response to auditory stimulation and identify predictors of response.
Hinestrosa et al. describe the early-stage detection of cancer using biomarkers present in circulating extracellular vesicles purified via an alternating current electrokinetics platform. They show, in a case-control study, that 95.7% of pancreatic, 75.0% of ovarian and 43.8% of bladder stage I and II cancers can be detected.
Gepner et al. undertake a prospective observational study using a chest-patch sensor to monitor cardiovascular and hemodynamic vital signs following the BNT162b2 COVID-19 (Pfizer BioNTech) vaccine. Continuous and significant changes occurred in the vital signs, including in participants who did not report any reactions.
Mendelsohn et al. evaluated in a prospective multicentre validation study whether host-blood transcriptomic tuberculosis (TB) signatures could be used to find active cases of TB. Whilst most of the signatures met WHO Target Product Profile criteria for a triage test to diagnose symptomatic TB; most signatures did not meet the criteria for asymptomatic TB.
Khanolkar et al. compare the immune response in perinatally-infected HIV+ patients with differing patterns of virological control on treatment with antiretroviral therapy. Patients with sub-optimally suppressed HIV displayed no deficits in lymphocyte functional fitness.
Krueger, Gogolewski, and Bodych et al. assess the risk of COVID-19 epidemic resurgence in relation to SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination passes. Their model predicts that new COVID-19 infection waves within two years from the onset of the vaccination program are possible but that suitable adaptive policies can help to avoid unfavorable outcomes.
Ludwig and Distler et al. evaluate quality of life and metabolic outcomes in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and simultaneous islet autotransplantation. The authors report benefits in terms of glycemic control, as well as improvements in quality of life, following the procedure.
Holst et al. study the relationship between cancer treatments and long-term health effects using registry data on childhood cancer survivors in Sweden. The authors utilize a causal inference approach to establish relationships between certain therapies and viral infections, eye conditions, and reproductive conditions, amongst others.
Piler et al. perform a longitudinal serology study of the Czech population between October 2020 and March 2021 and describe an increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies that correlates with SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing data. They include data stratified by age, sex, body mass and history of symptoms.
Stålhammar and Herrspiegel conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on long-term relative survival estimates in uveal melanoma. While data from individual studies varies, the authors provide pooled estimates of 15- and 20-year relative survival of approximately 60%.
Lazarus et al. evaluate the cascade of care for people with hepatitis C virus (HCV) treated within six public hospitals in Madrid, Spain. The authors report on potential gaps in care in specific populations, including inadequate testing and loss to follow-up, and their implications on HCV micro-elimination in Madrid.
Knabl and Lee et al. use RNA sequencing to assess the impact of vaccination with BNT162b2 on the peripheral innate immune response of a small cohort of COVID-19 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant. They show an increased JAK-STAT-mediated immune response in vaccinated patients as compared to unvaccinated ones.