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Hierink et al. examine the impact of commonly used gridded population datasets on measures of geographic accessibility to healthcare facilities in sub-Saharan Africa. The authors report substantial differences in accessibility depending on the dataset used, particularly in sparsely populated areas.
Challa et al. used 2.8 million electronic health records for proactive pharmacovigilance program development, by rapidly generating and validating hypotheses between medication use during pregnancy and neonatal neurodevelopmental defects. They identify five drug classes for which deeper safety signal evaluation may improve product marketing.
Wang, Hu et al. provide a systematic review and meta-analysis on global acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination. Lower vaccine acceptance is seen in females, Black people, and those with lower income.
Svanberg et al. longitudinally assess the immune response in patients with COVID-19. The authors report specific immune parameters associated with the development of severe disease.
Okawa et al. evaluate a fluorescent risedronate analogue, 800CW-pRIS, as a potential treatment for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The authors demonstrate an improvement in wound healing and inflammation with 800CW-pRIS pre-treatment in a mouse model of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis following tooth extraction.
Afrose, Song et al. highlight deficiencies in the widely accepted one-machine-learning-model-fits-all approach. The authors develop a bias correction method that produces specialized machine learning-based prognostication models for underrepresented racial and age groups.
Rocconi et al. analyse gene expression data from patients with ovarian cancer receiving the autologous tumor cell immunotherapy gemogenovatucel-T (Vigil) as part of the VITAL study. The authors identify ENTPD1/CD39 expression as a predictor of relapse-free and overall survival benefit.
Clarke, Parham et al. examine associations between polygenic risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) with traits and outcomes in the Women’s Health Initiative. They find that polygenic risk for CAD is associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypes, including decreased risk for some cancers.
Macdonald, Schaub et al. measure apparent antibody affinities to the ACE-2 receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in recipients of the Pfizer, Moderna and J&J vaccines. All vaccinated individuals develop high-affinity antibodies, however the affinities are weaker to Delta and Omicron variants compared to ancestral virus.
Lampert et al. use a game theoretic approach to study conditions in which vaccine-rich countries might donate vaccines. They find that if the total amount of surplus vaccines is sufficiently large, coordination can lead to significant surplus donations even by strictly self-interested vaccine-rich countries.
Mahoney et al. calculate the long-term biorhythm of adolescents from primary molar teeth and examine the relationship with weight, height and mass. Faster biorhythms are associated with a lower weight, and reduced weight and mass gain during adolescence.
Lutnick et al. develop a cloud-based deep learning tool for whole slide image segmentation. The authors provide several examples of its application in renal pathology, for segmenting glomeruli, interstitial fibrosis and other features of interest.
Patel et al. perform a comprehensive analysis of factors associated with HIV positivity across 29 sub-Saharan African countries from 2003 to 2017. They identify over 300 factors associated with HIV positivity in each sex, some of them under-recognized but consistent across countries and sex.
Kimita et al. detail the SARS-CoV-2 lineages present in Kenya during 5 waves of the COVID-19 pandemic between March 2020 and January 2022. Analysis of 1034 genomes identified 40 lineages, with phylogenetic analysis suggesting multiple introductions of variants from outside Kenya.
Glaser et al. develop a deep learning system to predict all-cause mortality from total-body DXA scans. Their best predictive model integrates longitudinal body composition data with traditional mortality risk factors.
Santiago et al. sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes sampled in Puerto Rico between March 2020 and September 2021. Phylogenetic analyses found multiple importations that increased infections and that variant turnover dynamics were similar to those seen in the USA.
Lipworth et al. conduct a molecular epidemiological analysis of Gram-negative bloodstream infections in children in Oxfordshire, England, over a 10-year period. The authors report E. coli as the main causative agent and observe a similar population structure to that seen in adult infections with a stable incidence of antimicrobial resistance.
Song et al. study the relationship between agonist-antagonist muscle strain (AMS) and motor control and perception in lower limb amputees, with some receiving a myoneural interface intervention. The authors report that the degree of AMS within the residual limb is associated with preserved motor control and perception.
Fosgaard et al. use a longitudinal data set of tobacco purchasing behavior from Denmark from 2019 to 2020 to estimate changes in tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic there was a sustained decrease in tobacco purchases.
Kaneko et al. compare the proteome and phosphoproteome of primary HPV + oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers with tumours that recurred following chemotherapy/radiation. The authors identify signatures of fibrosis, matrix remodeling, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and reprogrammed cytoskeletal signalling in recurrent tumours.