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Cheung, Zhang et al. examine the association between secondhand smoke exposure and changes in the retinal vasculature among children aged 6 to 8, in a population-based cohort study. Children exposed to secondhand smoke have wider retinal arteriolar and venular calibers compared to those in smoke-free homes.
Pallett et al. discuss the impact of human conflict on development of antimicrobial resistance. They overview approaches to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance, using the ongoing conflict in Ukraine as an example of the challenges and opportunities.
Yuda et al. report the development and evaluation of a novel selective MCL-1 inhibitor, ABBV-467. The compound is efficacious in preclinical models but increases in cardiac troponin are seen in a first-in-human study, suggesting potential cardiac toxicity of the drug.
Yamauchi et al. investigate the effects of treatment with the kinase inhibitor lenvatinib on immune parameters via multi-omics analysis of liver cancer and peripheral blood samples. Immune signatures associated with T-cell functions and interferon response are enriched during early treatment, while immunoinhibitory signatures are downregulated.
Krockow et al present data from two surveys exploring public perception of antimicrobial resistance-related terminology from a linguistic perspective. They highlight the failure of current terminology to support public awareness and understanding of the global antimicrobial resistance challenge.
Fernández Villalobos, Marsall et al. analyzed seroprevalence and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants and endemic coronaviruses in Colombian children from urban and indigenous populations. They find high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence with comparable antibody titers but low neutralizing capacity and limited cross-protective immunity.
Hinestrosa et al. developed a machine learning classifier for the detection of early-stage pancreatic cancer using a blood-based extracellular vesicle protein assay. The algorithm successfully classifies cancer cases versus healthy and pancreatitis controls with high sensitivity and specificity.
Anantharaj et al. evaluate the presence of antibodies to dengue in febrile patients and estimate seroprevalence to dengue across the National Capital Region and across different age groups in India. Majority of the adult population have neutralizing antibodies to all four dengue serotypes which correlate with reduced dengue viremia during subsequent infection.
Chang et al. evaluate the movement of molnupiravir and β-d-N4- hydroxycytidine (NHC) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in a rat. Molnupiravir metabolizes to NHC and crosses the BBB within 20 min at approximately 0.3–0.8% of the blood-brain ratio.
Zhang, Antonacci, Burant et al. use magnetic resonance with hyperpolarized 129Xe gas to detect brown fat and measure its temperature in humans during cold exposure. The temperature of brown fat is measured spectroscopically, using the nuclear spin frequency of the 129Xe isotope, which is sensitive to temperature-induced changes in fat density.
Kazenwadel et al. evaluate blood serum parameters during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection using quantitative NMR spectroscopy, stratifying patients based on pre-existing arterial hypertension. Hypertensive COVID-19 patients have a distinct serum profile, including altered metabolites and inflammatory markers, compared with normotensive patients.
Hamilton et al. model the impact of a malaria vaccine on malaria cases, drug resistance, and deaths if administered yearly to infants in 42 African countries. They find that even a moderately effective vaccine could substantially reduce malaria burden, with a vaccine that maintains its efficacy over time being most impactful.
Xiao et al. evaluate the impact of China’s Dynamic zero-COVID policy during the Omicron outbreak on the nation’s healthcare utilization. Aside from regional COVID-19 severity and health system performance, the stringent lockdown policy drastically reduces access to inpatient and outpatient services.
Chen et al. examine the association between obesity and urinary incontinence among a large sample of older adults from multiple longitudinal cohorts. They observe a linear association in women and a U-shaped association in men, suggesting that sex should be considered when developing interventions to address urinary incontinence in older adults.
Clusmann et al. describe how large language models such as ChatGPT could be used in medical practice, research and education. These models could democratize medical knowledge and facilitate access to healthcare, but there are also potential limitations to be considered.
Hierink et al. assess primary healthcare access in Somali region in Ethiopia using a mixed geospatial analysis. Findings indicate low accessibility (65% lack health center access within 1 h walk), lengthy referral times, and insufficient healthcare worker density; recommendations include upgrading facilities and improving outreach strategies.
Shadbahr et al. highlight the importance of evaluating imputation quality when building classification models for incomplete data. They demonstrate how a model built on poorly imputed data can compromise the classifier, and develop a new method for assessing imputation quality based on how well the overall data distribution is preserved.
Jacobsen, Sherr et al. evaluate the utility of novel technologies in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Their systematic review finds technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps, and decision support tools improve important measures (e.g., HbA1c, time in range, quality of life) allowing precision-directed uptake of technology.
Misra, Wagner et al. systematically review if strategies to subclassify type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with high quality evidence and patient outcomes. Cluster-based stratification yields T2D subtypes that associate with outcomes, suggesting subclassification could have future clinical use.
Bodhini et al. systematically review the evidence on sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and molecular factors that modify the effect of interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention. The certainty of evidence that such factors modify the effectiveness of lifestyle and behavioral interventions is low to very low.