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Batan et al. show that inhibiting the antiangiogenic VEGF165b isoform activates a previously unrecognized miR-17-20a-RCAN3 pathway that induces ischemic endothelial cell angiogenic capacity and promotes M2-like macrophage polarization to achieve perfusion recovery in murine peripheral artery disease (PAD) model.
Lauffer et al. discuss the possibilities that antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) approaches can bring to treating rare genetic diseases. The authors outline considerations and barriers to their implementation, and how these might be overcome.
Kerensky et al. quantify tension across human spinal cords in computational simulations, a cadaveric benchtop model, and a neurosurgical case series. Their direct methodology successfully differentiates stretched spinal cords from healthy states in all sub-studies.
Thomas et al. present a model that integrates household survey and health system data to estimate subnational circumcision coverage in South Africa during scale-up for HIV prevention. Results show considerable, but heterogenous, progress towards increasing circumcision coverage, identifying priority ages and districts to reach national targets.
Aggarwal et al. develop a computational pathology tool to quantitatively characterize the immune-collagen relationship in gynecological cancers. The tool enables the prognostic stratification of patients and provides insights into the biology of the tumor microenvironment.
Zhang et al. discuss how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to optimize clinical trial design and potentially boost the success rate of clinical trials. AI has unparalleled potential to leverage real-world data and unlock valuable insights for innovative trial design.
Carson et al. analyze survey data collected in early 2022 through YouGov internet panels in seven middle-income countries. In six out of seven countries other respiratory illness was perceived to be a more serious problem than COVID-19.
Zhou et al. analyze leisure time physical activity and self-reported mental health in people of different ages in China. Exercise is associated with better mental health, even if exercise is of moderate intensity.
Minor et al. present and evaluate a quantitative approach to measuring metabolic turnover of 13C-acetate during isolated perfusion to ascertain the quality of porcine donor kidneys. This approach effectively discriminates varying degrees of organ graft quality, where conventional renal function tests are ineffective.
Mellor et al. introduce a new method for forecasting hospital admissions with seasonal influenza in a resurgent season that can be used to inform policy makers. The developed generalized additive model shows improved performance over other time series approaches when scored using probabilistic methods.
Papanastasiou et al. develop a deep learning-based method to identify combined immunodeficiencies (CID) and common variable immunodeficiencies (CVID) from large-scale electronic health record data. Distinctive combinations of antecedent phenotypes associated with CID/CVID are identified that could improve early diagnosis.
Jakobsen et al. analyze data from a cohort of 88,818 individuals from Denmark with causal machine learning and identify age, sex, high BMI, and depression as key factors for long-term sick leave following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Yadav et al. utilize deep learning and transfer learning to identify subgroups of breast cancer patients with different prognoses based on single-cell imaging data. They identify atypical subpopulations of triple-negative patients with a moderate prognosis and luminal A patients with a poor prognosis.
Sahm et al. evaluate clinical, imaging, and molecular data from a small cohort of patients with concurrent multiple sclerosis (MS) and gliomas. They report differential methylation of some immune-related loci in tumors from patients with MS, and that inflammatory disease activity can increase in these patients after brain tumor radiotherapy.
Francis et al. perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate studies comparing perinatal outcomes among individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Their review and post hoc analysis find that maternal preconception weight and non-glucose-dependent biochemical markers could be a precision diagnostic approach to reducing variability in clinical outcomes following treatment.
Elsawy, Keenan, Chen et al. detect cataracts from color fundus photography using an explainable deep learning network called DeepOpacityNet. DeepOpacityNet detects cataracts more accurately than ophthalmologists and demonstrates that the absence of blood vessels is an indicator that cataracts are present.
Iturri, Bertho et al. analyze the effects of oxygen administration during anesthesia in conventional and FLASH proton therapy in a rat model. They demonstrate the detrimental effect of varying oxygen supply using histologic, cytometric and behavioral analysis, and highlighting the urgent need to optimize anesthesia protocols in pediatric oncology.
Picchio et al. report findings from a community-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening program for sub-Saharan African migrants in Catalonia, Spain, utilizing simplified testing and expedited referral to specialist care. Their findings support the adoption of these strategies to increase HBV testing and linkage to care among at-risk populations.
Li et al. use an analytic framework to identify care utilization patterns for 261 ocular diagnoses in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Findings reveal lasting utilization reductions for most conditions, particularly less severe ones, with notable outliers and variations across diagnosis categories and pandemic sub-periods.
Zahedivash et al. undertake a single center retrospective analysis of patients less than 18 years of age with history of an arrhythmia to determine whether a wearable device can capture arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are identified in 28% of patients, mainly the difficult to identify supraventricular tachycardias.