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Improvements in coastal shallow water geophysical technologies and drilling must be coupled with numerical modelling in order to close the knowledge gaps that exist around coastal aquifers, suggests a synthesis of methodological challenges and future possibilities.
Instances of high-intensity wildfires which generate a fire-cloud chimney reaching all the way to the stratosphere have risen since 2013, signaling a need for closer monitoring and analysis, suggests a synthesis of confirmed occurrences.
Agriculture can be transformed to enhance farmland biodiversity and food systems’ sustainability through agroecological principles tailored to the current interplay between farmland biodiversity and agricultural production on all agricultural land.
Restoring degraded peatlands can return them to a state of net carbon sequestration and enhance their ecosystem resilience, highlighting the importance of peatland protection and restoration in climate mitigation, according to a synthesis of evidence from temperate and high latitude peatlands.
Mineral doping of biomass prior to pyrolysis enhances carbon dioxide removal associated with biochar application to soils due to increased stable carbon yield, while also improving biochar fertiliser value through added nutrients and enhanced phosphorus availability.