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A three-stage tectonic evolution model in the West Philippine Basin depicts the interaction between back-arc spreading and mantle plume processes, according to morphological analysis, geochemical and geochronological data.
Laboratory measurements coupled with a new mixing rule for desert dust aerosol mineralogy improves constraints on the refractive index of hematite and could improve the spatial representation of dust optical properties used in climate models.
Statistical analyses of seismicity following earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 or higher finds a reduced occurrence of mainshocks at remote distances from the epicentre which may indicate wider energy release after very large seismic events.
The provision of residential heating and cooling by using the geothermal potential of decommissioned open pits can be economically competitive, especially at higher pit temperature, according to a techno-economic assessment of open pits in Australia and Germany.
Modelling the Ocean Heat-Carbon Nexus in Simple Climate Models results in inconsistencies, which could impact future climate projections and emission-to-concentration translation, according to a modelling analysis.
The biome shift in boreal North America towards increased potential tree height is concentrated in transitional forests and is likely to continue until 2100, whatever the climate scenario, according to satellite data and climate model projections.
The spatio-temporal properties of ground shaking and foreshocks are distinguishable from typical background seismicity using an approach that can pinpoint crustal stress changes before the 2016–2017 seismic sequence in central Italy.
The increased abundance of forest gaps, influenced by climate and litter quality, could reduce annual litterfall by 29.5% and carbon and phosphorus remaining by 5.6%, while litter decomposition could increase in 0–20% mass loss intervals, according to a global meta-analysis of the 8739 paired observations.
The June 2023 marine heatwave over the northwest shelf of Europe developed rapidly with weak winds, strong insolation and low wave activity, and led to temperature records in northern Europe, according to an analysis of in situ measurements, satellite data and model simulations.
Shipping fuel regulations in 2020 that reduced sulfur dioxide emissions by 80% led to substantial warming over parts of the oceans, according to simulations with Earth system, machine learning, and energy balance models, suggesting a termination shock after marine cloud geoengineering could be severe.
Emissions of CO2 from drained peat soils with 6- 12% organic C can be as high as those from soils with >12% organic C. This was shown in an incubation study of >100 organic soils, and may have implications for national greenhouse gas inventories.
A prudent strategy on carbon dioxide removal can minimize the risk of overestimating its potential and reduce mitigation costs, according to an integrated assessment model analysis of the relationship between uncertainties in carbon dioxide removal feasibility and climate sensitivity.
The upper bound of the southeast Pacific oxygen minimum zone deepens during El Niño events across an ensemble of Earth system models and is therefore projected to likely contract in the future climate, according to an analysis of multiple Earth System Models.
A critical compositional factor influences the rheological evolution and crystallization timescales of basalts under disequilibrium conditions, according to cooling rate deformation experiments carried out on Stromboli melt.
Hydrogen and silicon are the preferred light elements in Earth’s core, but hydrogen partitions preferentially in the outer core, based on calculations using molecular dynamic simulations and neural network methods.
A combination of anthropogenic warming and natural variability led to another record-breaking year of warmth in 2023. Global mean temperatures in 2023 nearly exceeded the 1.5 °C threshold, making it both a scientific and societal imperative to understand the underlying reasons for this warmth.
Climate change coverage in German newspapers increases most after UN climate conferences while climate protests generate climate attention beyond the event itself, according to machine-learning analyses of 90,000 articles from the past three decades.
The caldera of Campi Flegrei volcano shows space-dependent rheological behaviour due to the interplay between overpressure sources and geological structures, according to 3D tomography of b-values and correlation with subsurface structures.
Short-term strong wind events play a crucial role in the evolution and movement of barchan dunes, according to analyses of high-frequency wind sampling data and high-resolution topographic information