The 2015 Langtang Avalanche in Nepal was exacerbated by deep snow cover and warm temperatures, amplifying the mobility, destructive force, and lubricating effect of melt water on the flowing mass, according to analysis of avalanche runout under various air temperature and snow depth conditions.

Humans must be represented within digital twins of the Earth, but they also play a role outside to govern development and access and guide usage, argues a perspective based on interdisciplinary scientific expert viewpoints.

2023 temperatures fall in line with historical trends, with warm anomalies typical of El Niño, indicating dominance of sea surface temperature variability and regional forcing, according to an analysis for isolating the 2023 global surface contribution from various ocean basins.

The application of mild electric stimulations to marine soils produces artificial calcareous cementation and has the potential to mitigate coastal erosion by reinforcing vulnerable marine soils, according to electrochemical laboratory experiments

Prediction skill of the Atlantic Niño has declined over the past two decades as a result of a weakened teleconnection with El Niño/Southern Oscillation, which is amplified by a systematic model deficiency, suggest analyses of the North American multi-model ensemble simulations.

Daily extremes in precipitation as well as total precipitation amounts in arid regions worldwide are associated with extratropical Rossby wave breaking, according to analyses of different types of precipitation datasets.

Major sedimentary hiatuses and thinning are present in key Ediacaran sections across the eastern Gondwanan margin prior to c. 574 million years ago, as shown by Re-Os radioisotopic data and age-depth models for multiple early Ediacaran successions.

Dominant plant species and species asynchrony, rather than diversity, significantly impact ecosystem stability, leading to increased primary productivity and decreased diversity, according to a 10-year field experiment of the effects of warming and precipitation increase on ecosystem stability in a semi-arid steppe in Inner Mongolia, China.

Over the past decade, more than a hundred cases that have mentioned climate change in the main claim, argument, or evidence have been brought to criminal and civil courts in Indonesia, and they are essential for the development of climate change litigation, according to a review of court decisions between 2010 and 2020.

Over the past millennium, subtropical east Asia has experienced rainfall heterogeneity, with synchronous variations in southeast Asia and north China but heterogeneous rainfall patterns in central to southwest China due to the influence of the western Pacific subtropical high, according to analysis of Asian precipitation records.

Obituaries of scientists are much more often about men than women. At Communications Earth & Environment, we are initiating a series of articles highlighting the lives and work of women scientists, aiming to inspire the next generation with their stories and career paths.

An adventurous ecologist, Cheryl Ann Palm brought together agriculture, forest and social science experts and pioneered interdisciplinary approaches to reduce deforestation and enhance food security.

Achieving the long-term temperature goal of the Paris Agreement relies on every actor maximising their effort to reduce emissions. Generic targets claiming a basis in science have been used to justify inequitable efforts that insufficiently stretch the ambition of the best-resourced countries and companies.

A combination of anthropogenic warming and natural variability led to another record-breaking year of warmth in 2023. Global mean temperatures in 2023 nearly exceeded the 1.5 °C threshold, making it both a scientific and societal imperative to understand the underlying reasons for this warmth.

Attribution of the record-shattering global annual heat in 2023 to human and/or natural factors is fundamentally required for reliable predictions of upcoming global warming and its impacts. An observation-model comparison of global hot areas supports a key role for human-induced climate change, with a small contribution from El Niño.

In northern China and the Korean Peninsula, air pollution has worsened over the past ten years, but the two countries have not cooperated efficiently to resolve the problem. China and Korea must separate environmental negotiations and diplomatic actions to address the transboundary nature of air pollution.